Training needs of extension agents’ regarding organic agriculture in Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of extension agents for training on organic agriculture (OA) in the Riyadh Region. Fifty-five percent (n = 69) of extension agents were selected to collect data through an electronic survey. Results indicated that extension agents in the Riyadh Region cited on job training as a main source for acquiring knowledge in OA. Agents expressed interest in receiving training in OA in general, OA marketing, and transitioning to OA. The most useful resources were field days at organic farms, OA training sessions at colleges, and attending OA trial plots. There were no differences in the level of interest in training; however, there were significant differences between individuals in terms of their experience in OA, job responsibility for providing information related to OA, and area of specialization in their job. This study recommends developing professional training programs based on the current knowledge of extension agents.     

中国公共服务投入与产出的动态关系研究——以教育和公共卫生为例

在财政实践中,公共服务投入与产出之间往往存在着动态的双向效应,而以往学者仅着重于单向效应的研究,这无助于在公共预算约束下实现公共服务供给效率最大化。利用向量自回归模型和向量误差修正模型考察了中国以教育和公共医疗卫生为代表的公共服务投入与产出长期均衡关系以及短期波动关系。研究结果表明：公共服务投入与产出在长期内存在协整关系;短期内公共服务的投入与产出之间存在动态正向关系;在受到外部随机冲击时,公共服务的投入与产出系统表现出良好的稳定性和规律性。     

高等教育与我国地区经济发展关系的实证研究——从人力资本存量的角度

本文从人力资本存量的角度考察了2004年我国高等教育与地区经济发展之间的关系。研究发现:(1)高等教育与当地经济发展存在高度正相关,但地理位置因素也会影响到其强弱。(2)高等教育对中部地区经济增长的促进作用最明显,京津及东部沿海地区次之,西部地区最低。(3)总体来看,高等教育对经济增长贡献仍然偏低。因此,应进一步加大高等教育投入,提高其对经济增长贡献。     

农业现代化进程中新型职业农民的培育研究——基于关中杨村的调查

论文运用实证调查的方法,阐述了农业现代化进程中,中国农业的发展应切实将目标转移到依靠科技进步与提高农民整体素质的轨道上来的重要议题.论文在描述当前农民职业分化现状的基础上,分析指出新型职业农民的培育应主要围绕科学文化素质、现代农业生产技能、职业意识三大方面展开.论文最后经过进一步的探讨,得出新型职业农民的培育养成可以产生显著的经济效应和社会效应的结论.     

Modeling Imbalanced Economic Recovery Following a Natural Disaster Using Input‐Output Analysis

Input‐output analysis is frequently used in studies of large‐scale weather‐related (e.g., Hurricanes and flooding) disruption of a regional economy. The economy after a sudden catastrophe shows a multitude of imbalances with respect to demand and production and may take months or years to recover. However, there is no consensus about how the economy recovers. This article presents a theoretical route map for imbalanced economic recovery called dynamic inequalities. Subsequently, it is applied to a hypothetical postdisaster economic scenario of flooding in London around the year 2020 to assess the influence of future shocks to a regional economy and suggest adaptation measures. Economic projections are produced by a macro econometric model and used as baseline conditions. The results suggest that London's economy would recover over approximately 70 months by applying a proportional rationing scheme under the assumption of initial 50% labor loss (with full recovery in six months), 40% initial loss to service sectors, and 10–30% initial loss to other sectors. The results also suggest that imbalance will be the norm during the postdisaster period of economic recovery even though balance may occur temporarily. Model sensitivity analysis suggests that a proportional rationing scheme may be an effective strategy to apply during postdisaster economic reconstruction, and that policies in transportation recovery and in health care are essential for effective postdisaster economic recovery.     

娄底市实现农业和农村可持续发展的探索

可持续农业和农村发展”(SARD)是联合国粮农组织倡导的世界未来农业和农村发展的大趋向。本文探究了可持续农业和农村发展的内涵及来源 ;立足娄底地情 ,分析了其农业和农村可持续发展中存在的问题 ;提出了实现娄底可持续农业和农村发展的目标和对策     

产出资源的新经济分析与"十一五"规划

本文证明在定位资源的产出必须超过定额的约束下,最优产出模型的均衡条件是:资源资本(或劳动)的货币边际转换率e>1,而不是e=1。因此政府应实行资源定额与价格的管理政策,才会使中国“十一五”规划中的GDP年增7.5%、单位GDP资耗下降20%、居民年增收5%三者协同实现。     

中国工业反哺农业的实现机制和路径选择

实施工业反哺农业政策是中国进入工业化中期后的重大战略决策。反哺的主体应当包括政府、企业和社会组织;反哺的实现机制相应地包括市场机制、政府机制和社会机制;反哺的政策取向是“造血”型反哺、重点型反哺、适度型反哺;反哺应当遵循的原则包括统筹协调原则、互利双赢原则、效率公平原则、循序渐进原则。工业反哺农业应选择多条途径。     

中介组织主导型市场农业体制探索——立论依据、概念界定及理论分析

我国农业市场化的关键问题是如何将规模过小且过于分散的农户组织起来,实现与千变万化的大市场之间有效接轨.要解决这一关键问题,必须实行中介组织主导型市场农业体制.中介组织主导型市场农业体制是指农业社会分工的协调以及交易的进行由中介组织来主导的一种市场农业运行模式.制度经济学、产业经济学和生产力经济学的分析表明,这一体制在理论上是可行的,具有合理性.     

依靠科技进步 促进农业集约化经营

阐述了农业集约化经营的内涵及其必然性 ,介绍了集约型农业的科技进步趋势和原则 ,提出了科技进步的若干措施