我国航空运输LTO阶段和巡航阶段排放量测算与预测

利用国际民航组织的发动机排放数据库和我国航空运输的生产数据,测算2011—2016年我国航空运输在LTO阶段和巡航阶段各种污染物的排放量。同时,针对典型机型、典型机场和典型航线进行相关污染物排放量的测算。研究方法和研究结论对于测算和治理我国航空运输排放产生的环境外部成本具有重要意义。     

Expressed trust and compliance in police‐civilian encounters: the role of communication accommodation in Chinese and American settings

Research has demonstrated that police officers' communicative practices are potent predictors of individuals' expressed reactions to law enforcement. The present study continues this line of work in Taiwan, the People's Republic of China, and the United States by testing a theoretical model pertaining to the influence of perceived police officer accommodation and reported trust on attitudes about compliance with police requests. In addition to differences in reported levels of these variables across locations, findings indicated that perceived police officer communication accommodation predicted trust in police which, in turn, predicted attitudes about compliance with police requests. The empirical and practical significance of these findings are discussed.     

Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual,and Queer People's Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System: Implications for Social Services

Previous literature has found historically marginalized groups report more negative perceptions of the criminal justice system and lower levels of procedural justice, which then influences their mental health and their willingness to report crimes. While previous research on procedural justice has focused mostly on racial and ethnic minority groups, it is hypothesized that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals would also report negative experiences of the criminal justice system. The current study utilized focus groups with 16 participants who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ), with ages ranging from 26 to 35 years (M = 30.5 years, SD = 3.5). Participants were asked open-ended questions about how they felt about various aspects of the criminal justice system (e.g., police officers, courts, legal processes, etc.). Through the consensual qualitative research (CQR) process, researchers identified five domains that influenced participants’ experiences of the criminal justice system: (a) gender presentation, (b) influences of intersectional identities, (c) systemic and political issues, (d) experiences of discrimination, and (e) help-seeking behaviors and the criminal justice system. Implications for social services are discussed.     

Disparate Levels of Stress in Police and Correctional Officers: Preliminary Evidence from a Pilot Study on Domestic Violence

New data from a prevention curriculum project on officer-involved domestic violence reveals significant differences in the reported job stress of Florida's correctional officers when compared to police officers who took the same surveys. The significantly higher reported levels of organizational stress in particular—especially those related to staff and resource shortages and attitudes about leadership—raise concerns about the relationship between organizational stress and the reported drastic budget cuts, hiring freezes, and layoffs experienced by the Department of Corrections in 2009. The surprising disparity has significant implications for policy makers, who should be aware of the high cost of stress in officer health and well-being when making budgetary decisions about the state's rapidly increasing inmate population.     

空气低温氧化体系对稠油组成的影响

通过对辽河稠油进行低温氧化模拟实验, 考察了不同体系氧化反应前后气相组成、 稠油组成及性质的改变情况。结果表明： 稠油与空气发生的低温氧化反应属于吸氧反应, 催化氧化反应使气体中氧气含量下降到 2.71%, 消耗了空气中 87% 的氧, 氧化使稠油酸值及黏度增大; 加水催化氧化使稠油中胶质含量降低13.95%, 沥青质含量上升 4.81%, 胶质、 沥青质总含量降低, 重组分降解了 17.94%; 环烷酸盐催化剂体系对稠油有良好的催化活性, 促进了稠油氧化和裂解; 水在稠油空气低温催化氧化过程中起到了促进重组分裂解的作用。     

Commentary: Flawed Scientific-Evidence Standards Delay Diesel Regulations

Of 188 government-monitored air toxics, diesel particulate matter (DPM) causes seven times more cancer than all the other 187 air toxics combined, including benzene, lead, and mercury. Yet, DPM is the only air toxic not regulated more stringently under the Clean Air Act, as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP). One reason is that regulators use flawed standards of scientific evidence. The article argues (1) that DPM meets all six specified evidentiary criteria, any one of which is sufficient for HAP regulation and (2) that regulators’ standards of evidence for denying HAP status to DPM (no DPM unit-risk estimate, inadequate dose-response data, alleged weak mechanistic data) err logically and scientifically, set the evidence bar too high, delay regulation, and allow 21,000 avoidable DPM deaths annually in the U.S.     

论国际航空货物运输期间

从国际航空公约规定、司法实践看,国际航空货物运输期间的主要判断标准是承运人对货物的掌管;在实践中,应考察当事人的约定、承运人对货物的控制等两方面因素,综合判断承运人对货物的掌管状态,进而确定航空货物运输期间。此外,在判断航空运输期间时,应当区分辅助运输与替代运输的概念,以更加妥善地解决当事人间的法律纠纷。我国《民航法》应简化航空运输期间的认定标准,并引入替代运输的规定。     

住宅小区人防工程权属及管理问题的探讨——以广州市为例

广州住宅小区建立和完善了人防工程的建设标准;加强对人防工程设施建设的监管力度;人防设施基本实现了经营效益和人防工程的充分结合。人防设施的主要问题是产权不清;用途和经营方式单一;管理者素质不高;管理混乱;缺乏统一规划;公众防空意识淡薄。住宅小区人防工程要区分所有权和使用权;完善登记制度;明确工作职责;界定人防工程使用者的权利和义务。     

三曹以气为本的哲学思想

哲学思想是政治思想的理论基础。曹操、曹丕、曹植生活在中国历史上哲学思想极活跃的时代,在当时唯物主义与唯心主义的激烈斗争中,其哲学思想表现出了朴素的唯物主义倾向,鲜明地反映出时代的成就与局限。     

论自首

自首的成立需具备两个条件,即自动投案和如实供述自己的罪行;被采取强制措施的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和正在服刑的罪犯,如实供述司法机关还未掌握的本人其他罪行的,以自首论;广义的坦白包括自首,狭义的坦白不包括自首,二者各具质的规定性;自首从宽是我国刑法规定的一项重要刑罚制度,也是惩办与宽大结合政策的具体体现之一.