A new robust Kalman filter for filtering the microstructure noise

We propose a robust Kalman filter (RKF) to estimate the true but hidden return when microstructure noise is present. Following Zhou's definition, we assume the observed return Y_t is the result of adding microstructure noise to the true but hidden return X_t. Microstructure noise is assumed to be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.); it is also independent of X_t. When X_t is sampled from a geometric Brownian motion process to yield Y_t, the Kalman filter can produce optimal estimates of X_t from Y_t. However, the covariance matrix of microstructure noise and that of X_t must be known for this claim to hold. In practice, neither covariance matrix is known so they must be estimated. Our RKF, in contrast, does not need the covariance matrices as input. Simulation results show that the RKF gives essentially identical estimates to the Kalman filter, which has access to the covariance matrices. As applications, estimated X_t can be used to estimate the volatility of X_t.     

A Note on Window Length Selection in Singular Spectrum Analysis

In singular spectrum analysis (SSA) window length is a critical tuning parameter that must be assigned by the practitioner. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of signal–noise separation and time series reconstruction in SSA that can serve as a guide to optimal window choice. We establish numerical bounds on the mean squared reconstruction error and present their almost sure limits under very general regularity conditions on the underlying data generating mechanism. We also provide asymptotic bounds for the mean squared separation error. Evidence obtained using simulation experiments and real data sets indicates that the theoretical properties are reflected in observed behaviour, even in relatively small samples, and the results indicate how, in practice, an optimal assignment for the window length can be made.     

Accuracy of edge detection methods with local information in speckled imagery

We compare the accuracy of five approaches for contour detection in speckled imagery. Some of these methods take advantage of the statistical properties of speckled data, and all of them employ active contours using B-spline curves. Images obtained with coherent illumination are affected by a noise called speckle, which is inherent to the imaging process. These data have been statistically modeled by a multiplicative model using the G0 distribution, under which regions with different degrees of roughness can be characterized by the value of a parameter. We use this information to find boundaries between regions with different textures. We propose and compare five strategies for boundary detection: three based on the data (maximum discontinuity on raw data, fractal dimension and maximum likelihood) and two based on estimates of the roughness parameter (maximum discontinuity and anisotropic smoothed roughness estimates). In order to compare these strategies, a Monte Carlo experience was performed to assess the accuracy of fitting a curve to a region. The probability of finding the correct edge with less than a specified error is estimated and used to compare the techniques. The two best procedures are then compared in terms of their computational cost and, finally, we show that the maximum likelihood approach on the raw data using the G0 law is the best technique.     

On Estimating the Integrated Co-Volatility Using Noisy High-Frequency Data with Jumps

In this article, we consider the estimation of covariation of two asset prices which contain jumps and microstructure noise, based on high-frequency data. We propose a realized covariance estimator, which combines pre-averaging method to remove the microstructure noise and the threshold method to reduce the jumps effect. The asymptotic properties, such as consistency and asymptotic normality, are investigated. The estimator allows very general structure of jumps, for example, infinity activity or even infinity variation. Simulation is also included to illustrate the performance of the proposed procedure.     

新型流水线ADC的设计与分析

设计和分析了一种新型的流水线式模数转换器。电路设计主要包括一种开关采样差分折叠式共源共栅增益级、两个时钟控制动态比较器组成的两位模数转换器、两位数模转换器。由于采用了电容下极板采样、全差分和开关栅电压自举,有效地消除了开关管的电荷注入效应、时钟馈通效应引起的采样信号的误差,提高了模数转换器的线性度、信噪比、转换精度和速度。该转换器的设计是在0.6μm CMOS工艺下实现,转换器在采样频率为5MHz、信号频率为500kHz时功耗为70mW;SFDR为80 dB。     

On cusp location estimation for perturbed dynamical systems

We consider the problem of parameter estimation in the case of observation of the trajectory of the diffusion process. We suppose that the drift coefficient has a singularity of cusp type and that the unknown parameter corresponds to the position of the point of the cusp. The asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator and Bayesian estimators are described in the asymptotic of small noise, that is, as the diffusion coefficient tends to zero. The consistency, limit distributions, and the convergence of moments of these estimators are established.     

空中交通管理与机场管理的衔接性

为实现机场管理与空中交通管理的有效衔接，从理论上分析了机场管理同空中交通管理的关系。通过对两者系统组成和基本内容的阐述，研究了各自的特点、各自的组成以及相互之间的关系等，从技术和管理两个层面给出了两者合理衔接的思路、策略和方法：空中交通管理与机场管理的良好衔接，关键在于空中交通管理局同机场集团的团结合作，以及有效利用、充分发挥空中交通控制系统、流量管理系统和机场管理系统的特点和功能。     

Acid House and Thatcherism: noise, the mob, and the English countryside

This paper examines why the late 1980s youth subculture Acid House provoked a moral panic of the scale and intensity that it did. The subculture is conceived as presenting a disruptive presence to Thatcherism as an hegemonic project. The terms under which this occurred are examined through the themes of noise, the mob, and the disruption of bureaucratic authority. The presence of Acid House within the English countryside, and in particular the Home Counties, is situated as enhancing the problematic status of the subculture. The scale of measures taken against Acid House is related to Thatcherism's 'authoritarian populism'. Acid House is located in terms of a history of similar forms of popular cultural activity. The coverage of Acid House in The Sun and The Daily Mail, and the parliamentary debate around the second reading of the Entertainments (Increased Penalties) Act, are drawn upon throughout.     

机场跨地域发展的法治协同研究——以北京大兴国际机场跨地域运营和京津冀机场协同发展为视角

北京大兴国际机场跨地域运营顺应区域发展规划,京津冀机场协同发展契合国家战略要求。国家与民航行业层面均确定了京津冀协同发展战略与举措,然而,当前地域法治差异化限制了机场跨区域协同发展。目前,国家力推世界级机场群建设布局,各地也在开展法治协同工作的探讨和尝试。立足国家政策以及民航发展需要,增强京津冀三地机场互通互融,助力北京大兴国际机场高质量发展,可以从协同机制建设、设置专门立法机构、利用共享数据推进执法协同、提升机场管理机构法律管理水平等方面推进落实。

     

机场安检人员上班模式问题研究

结合机场安检工作的实际背景对安检人员上班模式的问题进行了研究,建立了安检人员日排班优化模型和年度配置优化模型,用以确定合适的上班模式.用某机场的实际数据进行了案例分析,为该机场安检工作确定了新的上班模式(1天2班制),并与原有上班模式进行对比,证明方法是有效的.