Planning for Aging in Place: Incorporating the Voice of Elders to Promote Quality of Life

Abstract

Aging in place offers emotional and physical benefits; however, challenges associated with advanced age may make aging in place difficult. As communities across the country prepare for forecasted increases in the proportion of older residents, it is important to understand barriers that may prevent aging in place. Perceived barriers voiced by residents of a suburban county who completed an Aging in Place Needs Assessment Survey were categorized into four themes: need to downsize/home modification; need for assistance; family desire to reciprocate care; and isolation. A fifth group with no intent to relocate, but with concerns about having to, was also identified. Included among this group were persons with mental health or developmental disorders, such as anxiety and autism spectrum disorder. Results were examined through a person-centered lens to illustrate that aging in place may be the desired option even among residents who indicate that it is not. It is important that aging-in-place initiatives preserve identity by fostering a sense of autonomy, control, and well-being in older residents.     

国家基层策略行为与社区过程: 基于南苑业主自治的社区故事

在转型的社区情境中,国家基层政府的行为是策略性的,社区居民亦陷入了权变的回应过程。文章聚焦于20世纪80年代以来政府行为的不同阶段,从中观的社区形态考察基层政府的不同策略和社区过程。政府干预、释出和旁观调控三种不同类型的行为反映了政府对于社区的态度,社区层次和事件性质是基层政府策略行为的关键自变量。文章运用拓展性个案研究方法,分析了国家在社区的基层策略,以及转型期社区的生成和发展,基层政府行为与社区回应的不同逻辑是社区治理困境的重要根源。     

Improving utilisation of Māori land: Challenges and successes in the application of a participatory approach

Abstract

The limited impact of traditional extension techniques has resulted in the increasing use of participatory approaches to support interaction between Māori communities and scientists. This paper draws on the experience of a 5 year case study of such an approach among scientists and Māori on the East Cape. While supporting the value of a participatory approach, the paper argues that the adoption and use of such an approach must be viewed as an iterative process and one that challenges all participants, not only on operational detail, but on the ethical issues posed by such work. This paper highlights the value of a collaborative approach but questions the appropriateness of branding all such approaches as participatory research when used to support national policy initiatives. It concludes that participatory approaches challenge the scientists involved as much as the communities concerned and questions the validity of conventional measures of success in any evaluation of such work.     

Mobility Regimes in Practice: Later-life Westerners and Visa Runs in South-East Asia

Abstract

Studies of Western migrants in South-East Asia emphasise the importance of privilege, work and location within national boundaries in the construction of contemporary subjectivities. This article examines the role and relevance of cross-border mobility through the eyes of older, Western ‘visa runners’ with limited financial resources. Drawing on migrant experience of dwelling in and moving through Penang, Malaysia, I address the ways in which the mobility regimes of immigration frameworks and visa regulations become a formative aspect or otherwise of social practice and belonging. In focusing on the personal and social experience of visa running, this article transcends a methodological nationalist focus on identities and subjectivities within national spaces and highlights the variable role of people, places and life history in the forming of multi-layered attachments across national spaces in South-East Asia.     

Genocide Reconsidered: A Pragmatist Approach

The recent literature on genocide shows signs of taking what might be called a “processual turn,” with genocide increasingly understood as a contingent process rather than a singular event. But while this second generation's turn may be clear to those within the literature, the theory guiding the change is insufficiently specified. The theory regarding process and contingency is implicit, and, as such, genocide theory does not realize its full generative potential. The primary goal of this article is to provide a more robust theoretical framework for making sense of the continually evolving dimensions of genocide. It builds on the literature's existing foundations, most notably Mann's (2005) notion of “contingent escalations.” In the spirit of the recent revival of American Pragmatism in sociology, it draws on the work of Dewey, Mills, Follett, and Addams (among others) as part of a theoretical reconstruction using pragmatist concepts such as rupture, perplexity, vocabularies of motive, and experimentation to consider examples from the Rwandan genocide and show how we might explore the potential for non‐teleological intentionality on the part of genocidal actors. The result is an enhanced theoretical framework that offers “fresh eyes” for considering one of the worst (and most under‐theorized) social problems.     

《红楼梦》亲属语译出中文化内涵的缺失

《红楼梦》中人物繁多,称谓复杂,在众多的中国古典文学名著中最能反映中国传统文化对称谓语的影响。本文以杨宪益夫妇所译之《红楼梦》为例,通过其亲属称谓词的翻译比较,来看其译出过程中造成的文化内涵的缺失,并试着探讨其在一定范围内的弥合策略。     

劳动过程视角下农业技术应用的社会条件——弗里德兰的《制造绿金》及其启示

在《制造绿金》一书中,弗里德兰运用马克思主义的劳动过程理论,以美国生菜产业为例探索新技术应用的社会过程与社会条件,突出强调了“劳动者生产组织”命题对一项新技术采用的重要作用。同时有关作物结构的分析为商品系统分析方法的提出以及世界商品链、食品体系研究奠定了基础,这不仅拓展了农业社会学研究的边界,也为中国农业社会学研究提供了重要的借鉴意义。     

国际关系的理论回归与基础路径——以国际制度理论为例

国际关系理论衰落的论调和担忧激励了理论创新。在诸多创新方式中,理论综合是重要的一种,具体包含了理论折中和理论合成,且主要发生在宏观范式之间或内部,由此形成了四种主要的理论综合方式:范式间折中或合成、范式内折中或合成。理论合成的严格理论与理论折中的实用性分析框架之间,还存在较多模糊地带。更多的研究既没有清晰的理论创造或运用,亦没有明确的折中分析框架。但是,这并不意味着国际关系"理论已逝"的论断已成事实。在理论合成与理论折中之间还存在一种理论综合的方式——理论回归,即从相关的多层次和多学科理论中拟合出简约且共性最大(或平均差异最小)的基础路径。所谓"基础路径"即介于宏观哲学元理论或思想传统与具体学科内理论之间的、若干相邻学科或理论共享的、具有一定范围内共识性的研究议题及解答思路。以国际制度研究为例,大量的经验研究虽然时常没有明确的理论地位,但并未完全脱离多层次的理论基础,而是逐渐形成超越具体学科及/或理论的五大基础路径:权力—结构、理性—功能、文化—建构、历史—阶级、反思—批判。     

个性化契约对员工契约寻求行为的影响机制研究

近年来,随着员工工作需求的日益多样化和员工工作自主性的日渐提升,越来越多的企业开始通过与员工达成个性化的工作契约的方式,以保留和激励优秀员工.基于503名员工的调查数据,从社会信息加工理论的视角出发,运用层次回归分析方法检验个性化契约与员工契约寻求行为之间的关系,并探讨心理特权的中介作用和员工谦卑性的调节作用.研究结果表明:个性化契约能够正向影响员工的心理特权和契约寻求行为;心理特权在个性化契约和契约寻求之间起部分正向中介作用;谦卑性对个性化契约与心理特权之间的关系起负向调节作用;谦卑性进一步负向调节了心理特权在个性化契约与契约寻求之间的正向中介作用.建议管理者要谨慎处理个性化契约;可通过干预员工的心理特权来约束和规范员工的契约寻求行为;在签订个性化工作协议过程中要关注员工的个人谦卑性差异.