联邦德国的动物医学教育

联邦德国的高等教育具有悠久历史 ,开始正规的动物医学教育追索到 1777年。随着历史进程 ,教学管理和课程设置日臻完善。并且伴随着社会人才市场的要求 ,不断调整和拓宽学科方向。造就了大批知识面宽 ,实践能力强的复合型兽医人才。经过近 2 3 0年的发展 ,动物医学教育和研究的世界领先地位举世公认。在学制和业务课设置方面大有可鉴赏之处     

论价值的发生与发展

从自然物间普遍的相互联系、相互作用中分化、发展出了以主体自主的自我保存为根据、以自主的趋与避为表征的价值关系。价值的出现是非生命自然物体内外关系史上的一次飞跃 ,是伴随着主体而同时出现的一种新的关系体系。价值是发生发展着的历史性存在 ,价值的发生发展展开为价值的动物种系发生、价值的动物种系发展、人类价值的种系发生、人类价值的种系发展 ,以及个人价值的发生发展。     

A Predictive Model for Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Generic E. coli in Soil Amended with Untreated Animal Manure

This study aimed at developing a predictive model that captures the influences of a variety of agricultural and environmental variables and is able to predict the concentrations of enteric bacteria in soil amended with untreated Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO) under dynamic conditions. We developed and validated a Random Forest model using data from a longitudinal field study conducted in mid-Atlantic United States investigating the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli in soils amended with untreated dairy manure, horse manure, or poultry litter. Amendment type, days of rain since the previous sampling day, and soil moisture content were identified as the most influential agricultural and environmental variables impacting concentrations of viable E. coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli recovered from amended soils. Our model results also indicated that E. coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli declined at similar rates in amended soils under dynamic field conditions.The Random Forest model accurately predicted changes in viable E. coli concentrations over time under different agricultural and environmental conditions. Our model also accurately characterized the variability of E. coli concentration in amended soil over time by providing upper and lower prediction bound estimates. Cross-validation results indicated that our model can be potentially generalized to other geographic regions and incorporated into a risk assessment for evaluating the risks associated with application of untreated BSAAO. Our model can be validated for other regions and predictive performance also can be enhanced when data sets from additional geographic regions become available.     

The Protagorean presumption and the posthuman: Ceci n’est pas un calmar

Through readings of Tom Tyler’s CIFERAE: A Bestiary in Five Fingers and Vilém Flusser and Louis Bec’s Vampyroteuthis Infernalis: A Treatise, this paper considers possible ways in which one might address that which is posthuman. Exploring the place(s) of various nonhuman animals within the philosophical canon, animals are here engaged with as ciphers, indices, fables, mirrors, phantoms, and as feral singularities. Further, this paper interrogates Flusser’s claim to have escaped both idealism and anthropocentrism, and in so doing considers, with Tyler, the necessity or otherwise of anthropocentrism in theoretical discourse.     

Hoarding in the Community: A Code Enforcement and Social Service Perspective

ABSTRACT

Hoarding behaviors endanger individuals and their communities. Although there is a growing literature on clinically referred and elderly hoarders, there is limited information about hoarding behaviors beyond these contexts. This study examines the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of cases involving hoarding encountered by code enforcement officials and social service staff. Prior to an in-service training, 236 social service staff members completed a 43-item survey about their experiences with cases involving hoarding. Respondents reported encountering between two and three cases per year. Although these hoarding cases were estimated to cost more than $3,700 in cleaning fees, 83% of respondents reported having received no prior training on dealing with hoarding. Survey responses suggested that hoarding situations were difficult to resolve and involved multiple community agencies. Collectively, hoarding behaviors appear to be a problem regularly encountered by social service members, who often serve as the initial point of contact. Along with increased training, future research is needed to develop and evaluate collaborative interagency protocols to manage this multifaceted problem. Empirically informed interagency protocols may facilitate the timely referral of community hoarders to mental health professionals and may lead to improved outcomes.     

Teaching Ethical Aptitude to Graduate Student Researchers

Limited time dedicated to each training areas, irrelevant case-studies, and ethics “checklists” have resulted in bare-bones Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training for present biomedical graduate student researchers. Here, we argue that science graduate students be taught classical ethical theory, such as virtue ethics, consequentialist theory, and deontological theory, to provide a basic framework to guide researchers through ethically complex situations and examine the applicability, implications, and societal ramifications of their research. Using a relevant biomedical research example to illustrate this point, we argue that proper ethics training for graduate student researchers not only will enhance current RCR training, but train more creative, responsible scientists.     

A test for equality of variances with censored samples

A variance homogeneity test for type II right-censored samples is proposed. The test is based on Bartlett's statistic. The asymptotic distribution of the statistic is investigated. The limiting distribution is that of a linear combination of i.i.d. chi-square variables with 1 degree of freedom. By using simulation, the critical values of the null distribution of the modified Bartlett's statistic for testing the homogeneity of variances of two normal populations are obtained when the sample sizes and censoring levels are not equal. Also, we investigate the properties of the proposed test (size, power and robustness). Results show that the distribution of the test statistic depends on the censoring level. An example of the use of the new methodology in animal science involving reproduction in ewes is provided.     

中国动物福利保护缺失与对策研究

在动物福利观念还没有深入人心的客观情况下,本文在明确动物福利含义的基础上,阐述了动物福利保护的必要性,进而反思动物福利保护中的伦理基础、法学原理、经济基础、实施及制度建设等障碍性因素,认为动物福利保护缺失的原因在于动物保护宣传教育留于表面;传统生产、生活方式在人们的头脑中难以改变;中国薄弱的经济物质基础限制了动物福利的迅速改善等方面。最后针对中国国情提出完善动物福利保护的对策：提高公众动物福利参与意识;培养理性消费观念;提高专业人员的动物福利观念素质;加强监督管理;加强法制标准建设;加快动物福利立法等。