高等农业院校动物生理学不同教学法比较分析

教学法的改革是教学研究永恒的课题,是提高教育教学质量的关键。高等农业院校动物生理学具有理论性强、概念多和内容抽象等特点。为达到课时要少、内容要新、水平要高、效果要好的目的,教师必须针对不同内容选用适当的教学法。教学法得当与否将直接影响教学质量和教学目的的实现。通过对高等农业院校动物生理学语言形式、直接形式和实训方式等三类主要教学法进行分析,运用动物生理学介绍与探讨不同教学法,为优化动物生理学教学模式和提高动物生理学教学质量提供一种改革的新思路。     

城乡之间:贾平凹小说的动物与鬼之意象解读

上世纪八九十年代以降,贾平凹小说中的"乡下牛"、"野性狼"、"土命狗"及"鬼"的意象建构,演绎成了载体化、具象化的城乡文化冲突的历史在场。从"乡村中国"转向"城市中国",动物及鬼的文学意象的凸显,内蕴其中的是农耕文化的恋母情结、生态伦理的失衡隐忧、村庄消逝的家园悲歌、文化原乡祭礼等内容。     

女神文明:前父权制欧洲的宗教

根据在欧亚大陆的考古新材料,可以看出,“前父权制欧洲的女神宗教”,特别是公元前7000-公元前3000年间的新石器时代宗教特征:集中关注生命的轮转再生即循环:包括人的出生、养育、成长、死亡和再生,以及谷物耕种和动物饲养。当时人崇拜某个或多个女神。女神以各种各样的化身出现,贯穿于生命的每一方面。围绕着女神而形成一种复杂的人像雕塑和化身动物象征系统。     

论罗伯特·潘·沃伦诗歌中动物的生命特征

在20世纪美国作家中,罗伯特.潘.沃伦以博学多才而著称。其诗歌创作中动物题材占有重要的地位,这些诗歌揭示动物生命具有神秘和纯净、责任感和使命感、本质的纯洁和“恢复”能力等特征。沃伦动物诗歌有其深刻的基督教哲学根源和治疗时代之弊的宗旨,构成了他以爱为主题的终生诗歌创作的重要部分。     

消费文化的反悲剧意识

消费文化在本质上是非悲剧性的或反悲剧性的。它以对有限的经验形态的生命认同消解了对于人类崇高性、悲剧性与自由超越精神的表征。具体来说，这种反悲剧意识表现在三个方面：悲剧之思的缺席；个体性的悲剧之殇；社会生活的意义之惑。这三个特征一起形成了消费文化的反悲剧意识的问题语境。     

动物福利与动物权利之法学辨析

本文在主客二元法律结构和由该结构所维护的法律秩序之下，从法理学和伦理学的角度，对动物权利和动物福利在法学上的应用可行性进行了论证。结论是法学上应采用“动物福利”而非“动物权利”。最后本文对法学上的“动物福利”与动物保护学、动物伦理学上的“动物权利”之间的学科转化问题进行了研究。     

Bringing dogs onto campus: Inclusions and exclusions of animal bodies in organizations

Since the early years of the 20^th century, work organizations have largely been places where animal bodies are absent or invisible. Recently, US and UK universities have facilitated therapy dog visits to improve students' wellbeing. In this article we analyse data on therapy dog visits to a UK university library as a starting point for thinking about other than human animals in organizations and the gendered dimensions of their inclusion and exclusion. Rather than focusing solely on the benefits of these encounters for students, we put the experiences of the dogs and their guardians centre stage, along with those of the library staff and the students. Drawing on observations of visits to a UK university library in 2015–2016, and a total of 16 interviews with library staff, guardians and students, we explore the instrumental rationale for the programme and the efforts to control any potential disruption of normative organizational expectations.     

网络信息技术在《动物性食品卫生检验》课程中的应用探讨

文章结合《动物性食品卫生检验》课程的教学经验，讨论了该课程的教学内容、课堂互动和考试测评体系中如何应用网络信息技术来提高学生的自主学习能力。     

Assessing Potential Human Health Hazards and Benefits from Subtherapeutic Antibiotics in the United States: Tetracyclines as a Case Study

Many scientists, activists, regulators, and politicians have expressed urgent concern that using antibiotics in food animals selects for resistant strains of bacteria that harm human health and bring nearer a “postantibiotic era” of multidrug resistant “super‐bugs.” Proposed political solutions, such as the Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act (PAMTA), would ban entire classes of subtherapeutic antibiotics (STAs) now used for disease prevention and growth promotion in food animals. The proposed bans are not driven by formal quantitative risk assessment (QRA), but by a perceived need for immediate action to prevent potential catastrophe. Similar fears led to STA phase‐outs in Europe a decade ago. However, QRA and empirical data indicate that continued use of STAs in the United States has not harmed human health, and bans in Europe have not helped human health. The fears motivating PAMTA contrast with QRA estimates of vanishingly small risks. As a case study, examining specific tetracycline uses and resistance patterns suggests that there is no significant human health hazard from continued use of tetracycline in food animals. Simple hypothetical calculations suggest an unobservably small risk (between 0 and 1.75E‐11 excess lifetime risk of a tetracycline‐resistant infection), based on the long history of tetracycline use in the United States without resistance‐related treatment failures. QRAs for other STA uses in food animals also find that human health risks are vanishingly small. Whether such QRA calculations will guide risk management policy for animal antibiotics in the United States remains to be seen.