地球化学环境与地方病

通过对地方病 (主要介绍地方性甲状腺肿、克山病和地方性氟中毒 )与环境联系的介绍 ,从环境的角度认识地方病产生的原因 ,使人们认识一些地方病产生的地球化学成因 ,并通过调节人类自身的行为来预防地方病 ,使人们能够更加科学、健康地生活。     

《大唐西域记》中的动物形象

文章归纳了玄奘《大唐西域记》中传说故事里动物形象的四个主要特征,分析并阐述了三类动物形象的内在意蕴,说明塑造动物形象可以突现人类言行,传达作者思想感情,进而强化作品的戏剧性,深化作品的主题。     

英汉动物词“狮子”之国俗语义探析

基于英汉民族对动物“狮子”的属性有相似的认识,同时又由于生活在不同的文化背景中,因而动物名称“狮子”在汉英语言中存在国俗语义同异并存现象。本文以汉语中的“狮子”和英语中的“lion”这两个对应词为例,探讨汉英民族动物词的国俗语义同异现象,以期对跨文化交际有所裨益。     

英汉动物词语的文化内涵与差异

语言是文化的载体 ,不同民族的语言使世界上的文化呈现出千姿百态。文化差异赋予同一动物词语不同的内涵 ,词汇反映了特定的社会文化 ,不同的社会背景和文化差异造成了词汇在文化内涵上的差异。本文以动物词语为例 ,从同一动物词在英汉语言中具有的相同与相异的文化涵义 ,相同的文化内涵由不同的英汉动物词来表达 ,以及出现相应的文化内涵空缺现象等方面来进行动物词语与文化内涵异同的比较。通过比较 ,人们可以更清楚地感受到英汉文化在动物词语上留下的历史文化差异     

Ethnicity as a risk indicator for musculoskeletal disease, long consultation times and care utilization A prospective visitor study of 438 consecutive adult consultations of a primary health care centre

This article shows the influence of ethnicity (people born outside Sweden and in Sweden) and social class (socioeconomic class) on the distribution of diagnoses, consultation time and health care utilization in primary health care controlled for sex, age, marital status and educational level. The study was designed as a prospective primary health care utilization study during 7 consecutive weeks. Of a total of 439 adults who lived in the residential area, 290 were born in Sweden and 149 were born elsewhere. The data were analysed unmatched with logistic regression and Poisson regression in main effect models. People born outside Sweden received significantly more diagnoses per consultation than people born in Sweden. The strongest independent risk indicator for musculoskeletal disease was being born outside Sweden, with an estimated odds ratio (OR) of 5.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70–8.72. Age over 44 was associated with increased odds for musculoskeletal disease. Respiratory disease, as an indicator of less serious disease, were significantly less common among people born outside Sweden (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33–0.87). Being born outside Sweden was a risk indicator for consultations longer than 30 minutes (OR = 3.03, 95% CI=1.18–7.43). There were no differences between people born in Sweden and those born elsewhere in health and utilization. Social class was not associated with any of the dependent variables.     

NOS3基因与阿尔茨海默病患病风险关联的研究

目的：阿尔茨海默病（ AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病,与基因的多态性有关,包括内皮一氧化氮合酶3（ NOS3）发生变化。 NOS分解一氧化氮,并且在血脑屏障中起到有关键作用。探索NOS3基因（ rs1799983,G）与中国南方人群阿尔茨海默病患病风险的关联。方法采用病例-对照研究,在74例散发性患者和139例对照者中,对NOS3基因（rs1799983, G）进行两组间的等位基因及遗传模型基因型差异分析,NOS3基因使用聚合酶连反应-限制性内切酶（ PCR-RFLP）方法分型并测序进行验证。结果①NOS3基因（rs1799983,G）风险等位基因和基因型的频率在病例组和对照间组间的分布无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。②NOS3基因（rs1799983,G）在AD患者中携带ApoE4与非携带ApoEε4两组间基因型频率无显著性差异。结论研究显示NOS3基因rs1799983,G可能与中国南方人群AD患病风险无关联。     

1949—1966年间中国红十字会的主要活动及其特点

新中国成立之后,在中央人民政府的领导下,中国红十字会进行了改组。1949—1966年间,中国红十字会在医疗卫生、战地救护、灾害救助、战后问题处理等领域开展了大量活动,对于国家的经济社会建设起到了重要促进作用。归纳这时期中国红十字会活动开展的特点有：国内活动侧重于医疗卫生领域;积极实施国际救助并参与国际事务处理;活动开展的行政化色彩比较浓重。     

转基因动物应用的研究进展

综述了转基因动物在基因表达调控，家畜改良与育种，动物模型，生物反应器，异种器官移植方面的应用。认为随着转基因动物研究中难关的攻克，它将为人类作出更大贡献。     

论地理气候因素对庆阳古代文明的影响

地理、气候环境是人类赖以生存和创造文明成果的重要条件,对人类和人类社会生活有着深刻的影响。不同的地理、气候环境对于人类文明生成的类型和发展趋势有着重大的作用。历史时期地理气候因素的频繁变化,对于古代庆阳文明曾经产生了极其深刻的影响。既是古代庆阳农业和畜牧并举的环境前提,又培养了古人安土守业的眷乡恋土情怀,导致了在文明发展进程中开放与封闭并存的历史特征,形成了庆阳先民勇敢尚武与俭朴勤劳的民风民俗。     

Waterborne Disease‐Related Risk Perceptions in the Sonora River Basin,Mexico

Waterborne disease is estimated to cause about 10% of all diseases worldwide. However, related risk perceptions are not well understood, particularly in the developing world where waterborne disease is an enormous problem. We focus on understanding risk perceptions related to these issues in a region within northern Mexico. Our findings show how waterborne disease problems and solutions are understood in eight small communities along a highly contaminated river system. We found major differences in risk perceptions between health professionals, government officials, and lay citizens. Health professionals believed that a high level of human‐waste‐related risk existed within the region. Few officials and lay citizens shared this belief. In addition, few officials and lay citizens were aware of poor wastewater‐management‐related disease outbreaks and water contamination. Finally, aside from health professionals, a few interviewees understood the importance of basic hygiene and water treatment measures that could help to prevent disease. Our results add to the literature on environmentally‐related risk perceptions in the developing world. We discuss recommendations for improving future human‐wastewater‐related risk communication within the region.