中英动物习语文化内涵比较与翻译

语言是文化的载体,习语又是语言的精华,具有强烈的文化特色。中英文中大量习语都用动物作喻体。本文对这类动物习语的文化内涵作一比较,并从翻译技巧的角度,对如何处理动物习语翻译中的文化特色进行探讨。这对中英两大语言之间的沟通,对两大民族文化的融合具有重要意义。     

英语动物名称的隐喻性转义

英语中有大量的动物词汇。针对具有隐喻性转义功能动物名称的语义分类,分析英语动物名称所具有的隐喻性转义功能、隐喻性转义的条件及英语动物名称隐喻性转义前后的功能差异。     

广东畜牧业产业化经营利益生成和分配机制的问题与对策

提出畜牧业产业化经营的发展是畜牧业产业化经营产业链各成员之间利益生成和分配的合作与博弈过程,产业链是否稳定决定于利益分配是否合理,产业链各成员是否实现了个体利益分配的最优化,从而实现产业链效益的最大化。指出广东畜牧业产业化经营的健康发展离不开产业链利益生成和分配机制的不断优化,离不开市场的导向作用、法律制度的完善和政府的宏观调控作用。     

植病经济的内涵与研究方法评述

阐述了植病经济的概念、目标、任务、内涵,并对植病经济的研究方法进行摸索与探讨,其中部分研究方法用实例加以说明,以期为植病经济的深入研究提供借鉴与参考。     

辽宁境内恐龙化石的发现与研究

本文记述了目前辽宁境内发现的十余种恐龙化石,主要产自辽西晚侏罗纪至早白垩纪地层。恐龙的种类以兽脚目的虚骨龙类和角龙目的鹦鹉嘴龙占较大比例,特别是热河动物群中增加许多种鸟类化石,这些化石的发现对确定我省辽西中生代地层和研究当时的古气候、古环境具有重要意义。     

Design and Evaluation of Prophylactic Interventions Using Infectious Disease Incidence Data from Close Contact Groups

Summary.  Prophylaxis of contacts of infectious cases such as household members and treatment of infectious cases are methods to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. We develop a method based on maximum likelihood to estimate the efficacy of such interventions and the transmission probabilities. We consider both the design with prospective follow-up of close contact groups and the design with ascertainment of close contact groups by an index case as well as randomization by groups and by individuals. We compare the designs by using simulations. We estimate the efficacy of the influenza antiviral agent oseltamivir in reducing susceptibility and infectiousness in two case-ascertained household trials.     

Reciprocal relations: The recognition and co-construction of caring with Alzheimer's disease

The literature on caring for people with Alzheimer's disease predominantly underscores the role of the care giver, largely ignoring the care receiver. Care is viewed as a service to mind someone rather than a compassionate act of shared relationship. Alzheimer's disease is portrayed as negatively influencing reciprocity in caring relationships, precipitating their gradual dissolution. We report findings from an ethnographic study that followed nearly 100 dyads of people with Alzheimer's disease and those who cared for them for more than 1 year. ‘Give and take’ in a relationship appears richer and more ambiguous than previously supposed; despite one party's cognitive losses, shared meanings can still be experienced by both people. In an in-depth examination of the narratives of co-carers, gathered during home visits, relationships were seen to be dynamic co-constructions built upon everyday events, interactions, environments and disease progression. Importantly, we show that people with Alzheimer's disease express insight and awareness despite decline.     

A permutation‐based trend test for the analysis of a mechanistic animal migraine assay with a nonstandard design

The effect of a test compound on neurogenically induced vasodilation in marmosets was studied using a non‐standard experimental design with overlapping dosage groups and repeated measurements. In this study, the assumption that the data were normally distributed seemed inappropriate, so no traditional data analyses could be used. As an alternative, a new permutation trend test was designed based on the Jonckheere–Terpstra test statistic. This test protects the type I error without any further assumptions. Statistically significant differences in trend between treatment groups were detected. The effect of the compound was then shown across doses using subsequent Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests against ordered alternatives. In all, the permutation test proved quite useful in this context. This nonparametric approach to the analysis may easily be adapted to other applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中英文动物联系之比较研究

This paper aims for a contrastive study of animal associations in Chinese and English. Animals are various with their special characteristics and are commonly used for describing the qualities and characteristics of human being vividly. The same animal often has different associations in Chinese culture and English culture,which could be rather confusing without enough knowledge about the culture. Therefore, based on the theories of intercultural communication and pragmatics, the paper analyzes animal associations in Chinese and English in three aspects as mutual animal associations, different animal associations, and origins.     

Bayesian Inference for Stochastic Epidemics in Populations with Random Social Structure

A single-population Markovian stochastic epidemic model is defined so that the underlying social structure of the population is described by a Bernoulli random graph. The parameters of the model govern the rate of infection, the length of the infectious period, and the probability of social contact with another individual in the population. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed to facilitate Bayesian inference for the parameters of both the epidemic model and underlying unknown social structure. The methods are applied in various examples of both illustrative and real-life data, with two different kinds of data structure considered.