我国西部劳动力转移影响因素分析

目前,我国农村正处在社会主义市场经济的建立和向现代化农业的转变时期,由于东西部经济发展不平衡,西部农村劳动力的转移问题成为西部大开发和农民增收不容忽视的难题,同时也是其农村经济发展的突破口,只有顺利转移出农村的劳动力才能缓解人口过多对经济发展造成的压力.因此,探索影响西部地区实际需要的农村劳动力转移影响因素,是现实与发展的需要.     

Characteristics of Couples Who Attend Family Services Counselor Visits in Relationship Education

Case management services for low-income couples receiving relationship education have been required by federal funding agencies. Studies examining relationship education outcomes for low-income couples have yet to address participant characteristics of those who attend case management services (e.g., distressed vs. nondistressed). Thus, this study examined the influence of baseline relationship satisfaction and demographics on attendance at case management visits for 2,628 low-income, partnered participants who attended relationship education. Findings indicated that participants who reported higher baseline relationship distress attended more family services counselor (FSC) visits. However, when we added demographics to the model, relationship distress no longer predicted FSC visits, whereas income served as a predictor for men and women, with those reporting greater monthly income attending more FSC visits.     

Bayesian elastic net single index quantile regression

Single index model conditional quantile regression is proposed in order to overcome the dimensionality problem in nonparametric quantile regression. In the proposed method, the Bayesian elastic net is suggested for single index quantile regression for estimation and variables selection. The Gaussian process prior is considered for unknown link function and a Gibbs sampler algorithm is adopted for posterior inference. The results of the simulation studies and numerical example indicate that our propose method, BENSIQReg, offers substantial improvements over two existing methods, SIQReg and BSIQReg. The BENSIQReg has consistently show a good convergent property, has the least value of median of mean absolute deviations and smallest standard deviations, compared to the other two methods.     

“Why I Can't Stand Out in Front of My House?”: Street‐Identified Black Youth and Young Adult's Negative Encounters With Police

This street participatory action research (Street PAR) study organized 15 residents to document street‐identified Black youth and adult's negative experiences with police in Wilmington, Delaware. Data were collected on mostly street‐identified Black men and women aged 18–35 in the forms of (1) 520 surveys, (2) 24 individual interviews, (3) four dual interviews, (4) three group interviews, and (5) extensive field observations. Forty‐two percent of survey participants reported being stopped by police in the last year. However, with the exception of being “stopped,” participants overall reported little negative contact with police at least within the past year. Chi‐square and ANOVA analyses suggest an interactional relationship exists between race, gender, and age on experiences with police. Younger Black men (18–21) were found to have the most negative contact with police. Analysis suggests a smaller, more hardened mostly male variant of the larger street community has had repeated contact with police. Qualitative analysis reveals at least two major themes: (1) disrespect and disdain for residents and (2) low motivation for working with police. Street PAR methodology was also found to be instrumental in working with local residents and the Wilmington Police Department to improve conditions between residents and police.     

江苏省居民个人收入流动性实证分析

利用1989-2009年间CHNS调查数据,对江苏省居民个人的收入流动性进行了经验分析,研究发现:(1)尽管在1997-2000年间居民个人收入流动性略有上升,但是整体上考察期内江苏省居民个人的收入流动性呈现出不断下降且趋于稳定的趋势特征;(2)中间阶层的居民较最穷和最富两个收入阶层具有更高的收入流动性;(3)农村居民个人收入流动性始终大于同时段城镇居民个人收入流动性;(4)1993年以后收入流动性不利于江苏省居民个人收入地位的改善,收入顶层居民的收入地位固定化趋势较为明显,同时江苏省尚未形成一个较为稳定的中等收入阶层.最后,本文指出江苏省应将提高居民收入流动性和培育中等收入阶层作为政策的着力点.     

个人独资企业、合伙企业纳税义务主体的思考

探讨了我国内资企业所得税法纳税主体 ,在结合国情并参考国外立法先例的基础上 ,提出新的分类意见。个人独资企业、个人合伙企业按个人所得税法纳税 ;在现阶段 ,对各类合伙企业 (商合伙 )确认为公司 (或法人 )所得税的纳税义务人比较合适     

外商直接投资对广东地区收入差距的影响探析

外商直接投资（FDI）是区域经济增长的重要动力。FDI区域分布差异,是造成区域收入差距悬殊的重要原因之一。文章经验和实证分析相结合,深入探讨了FDI与广东区域经济发展和收入差距扩大的互动,认为FDI区域分布失衡是造成广东区域经济发展和收入差距扩大的重要原因。新形势下,广东要实现区域经济协调发展,有效解决区域发展和收入差距悬殊问题,须加快发达地区外资劳动密集型企业升级转型和欠发达地区的招商引资步伐,实现外商投资的均衡布局和优化发展。     

法律经济学视野中的惩罚性赔偿

应用经济学分析工具论证了惩罚性赔偿制度的合理性与独创性。重点讨论了对合同关系中存在欺诈和重大过失的情形下适用该制度的可行性和积极意义,指出惩罚性赔偿制度在防止出现合同欺诈和重大过失方面具有其独特的遏制功能。在对现行的赔偿标准弊端进行分析的基础上认为可以借鉴国外相关立法,并参照我国现行个人所得税征收标准,建立起以分段函数作为指导的弹性的惩罚性赔偿标准。     

教育不平等的测度及与收入分配的关系

教育是人力资本形成的重要途径,公平的教育分配对基础广泛的经济增长与贫困的减少具有显著的重要性。在教育与收入分配关系的理论与实证研究中,已有不少文献从教育存量角度对其进行探讨,然而专门从教育不平等角度进行的研究则不多。文章首先对国外有关教育不平等系数的测定方法进行总结与评述,随后从理论与实证两个层面对教育不平等与收入分配的关系研究进行评述,并在既有研究的基础上,对相关后续研究提出进一步的研究思路。     

改革开放以来农村金融发展对农民收入结构影响的实证分析

"三农"问题的核心是农民收入增长缓慢。文章基于农民收入来源结构,实证分析了1978~2008年我国农村金融发展对农民收入的影响。结果表明,农村金融发展对农民家庭经营收入起负向作用,而农村金融发展结构能提高农民的工资性收入水平。故应从加大政策性银行支农和增加乡镇企业贷款额度的角度着手,提高农民的收入水平。