Companion animals in families of children with autism spectrum disorder: Lessons learned from caregivers.

Companion animals (i.e., pets) have been increasingly recognized for the roles they play in families, including those with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This cross-sectional study explored the unique functions of companion animals within families with a child with ASD. Phenomenology was used to analyze the responses of participants (N = 338) who responded to a survey offered through the Interactive Autism Network. The study initially focused on dogs; however, the analysis was forced to expand to other species due to the data provided by participants. Seven major themes emerged: bonding and benefits, learning opportunities, barriers, grief, fit (match of family characteristics with those of the companion animal), safety, and alternative animals. Successful fit between companion animals and families was often described as necessary for beneficial functions. Barriers included necessary cost and time, as well as required supervision of interactions to enhance safety of the children and animals.     

当代文学的动物进城书写与文化寓意

当代文学史上,特别是20世纪90年代以来的文学叙事中,除了乡下人进城的书写,尚有乡下动物进城的书写。从乡村中国转向城市中国,在现代化与现代性的二律背反中,文学的动物进城不过是对现代人生存处境的虚化、陌生化书写。文学对其空间迁徙的生存症候的构想,喻示的是现代人的文化心理冲突、文化身份、生存地位、家园意识等主题。     

Peering into the Abyss: Andreev’s Rejoinder to Tolstoi’s Kreutzer Sonata

This essay argues that Leonid Andreev’s (1871–1919) short story “The Abyss” (Bezdna) is an important and often misunderstood response to Lev Tolstoi’s (1828–1910) novella Kreutzer Sonata (Kreitserova Sonata), representing a fundamental shift in the way that pessimistic philosophy and degeneration theory would be incorporated into the cultural, intellectual and literary discourse of the Russian fin de siècle. For Andreev, intellectual currents were suggesting that civilized society was under attack by forces beyond its control. Tolstoi, however, asserted that celibacy and mortification of the flesh could conquer humanity’s primitive urges. In response, Andreev animated popular theories on sexual degeneracy to reject moral restraint as an option against sexual aggression. This rejoinder is significant for many reasons, not the least of which as an important intellectual segue between Tolstoi and subsequent decadent literary discourse on sexuality. After all, morality was no longer solely resident within religious thought in fin de siècle Russia, especially in light of mounting evidence that moral insanity was the result of hereditary taints and biological regression. Consequently, “The Abyss” should be reinterpreted as an important intellectual bridge between what would be deemed high- and lowbrow literature on human sexuality at the turn of the century.     

Animal agents in Russian fairy tales

Most traditional interpretations of literary animals focus on the animals’ metaphoric or symbolic significance, exposing the prevailing anthropocentrism of the humanities in general, and literary studies in particular. The present examination of selected Russian fairy tales helps demonstrate that in many Russian fairy tales animals exercise agency and retain subjectivity. Such portrayals of animals and the resulting human–animal relationship suggest an ecosystemic worldview in which humans are positioned on an equal plane with other living beings.     

The ‘animal‐advocacy agenda’: exploring sociology for non‐human animals

This paper focuses on sociology and the study of human non‐human animal relations. Using as a catalyst referees' comments on a previous paper about experiments using non‐human animal subjects, in this present paper three problematics are identified and discussed. These problematics centre on the ‘acceptable’ content of sociological inquiry, the ‘permissibility’ of advocacy‐oriented sociology, and the ‘admissibility’ of non‐human animal‐advocacy to advocacy‐oriented sociology. The three problematics are explored through the lens of reflexive and critical sociology. Two central questions are raised: first, should sociology include the study of non‐human animals and secondly, can sociology advocate for non‐human animals? The paper concludes with an affirmative response to both of these questions. The paper ends by stressing that sociology has so much to offer the study of human non‐human animal relations. Professional sociologists have a key role to play in enabling this work to move from margins to centre in published sociology.     

我国野生动物外来物种入侵的法律应对——兼谈对环境法“调整论”反思的反思

为有效应对野生动物外来物种入侵问题,我国应当借鉴美、日等国家的有益经验,及时修改《野生动物保护法》等立法,健全完善由外来物种的分类管理、风险评估、引进和放生许可、监测预警、应急反应等组成的制度体系。同时,还应当修改《侵权责任法》,将生态破坏侵权纳入统一的环境侵权责任制度;修改《刑法》,创设破坏生态罪的新罪名。此外,还应推进行政监管体制改革,成立专司生态保育工作的生态部,并在其下设立生物多样性管理局,实现对生物入侵应对事宜的统一监管。从理论上看,研究应对外来物种入侵的法律调整机理,不仅有助于理解关于环境法可以调整“人-自然”关系之“调整论”的可贵之处,还有利于揭示“自然体权利论”和“非人类中心主义”等极端观点的谬误所在,进而修正和完善环境法“调整论”。     

唐长安的私家园林景观

唐代是中国古代园林风格转变的重要时期。唐长安私家园林的艺术性较之上代又有进一步升华。唐长安私家园林的山体、水体、植物、动物、建筑等景观要素和谐融汇,园池构筑日趋洗练明快,士人将诗情画意引入园林,使崇尚自然的美学原则充分实现,为后世的写意山水园奠定了基础。     

食用野生动物的伦理思考

食用野生动物的现象在一些地方不同程度地存在,除有关法律的约束之外,应从伦理的角度加以教育和引导,即树立中外学者所倡导的动物解放论和权利论的观点应禁食野生动物;继承中国古代生态伦理思想要爱护野生动物。同时,改变人们的饮食误区,纠正野生动物是人类“最佳食补”的错误观念,同时指出食用野生动物易造成疾病流行等不良后果。     

Animals and anomalies: an analysis of the UK veterinary profession and the relative lack of state reform

The sociology of professions literature would predict that the contemporary state would not allow groups to continue unregulated or unreformed. However, this is indeed the case with the UK veterinary profession, with legislation dating back to 1966. Using an interdisciplinary analysis of published literature and reports, this paper assesses whether wider social, political and ethical dynamics can better explain this intriguing anomaly. We conclude with critical implications for the sociology of the professions. Furthermore, we argue that continuing to ignore the veterinary profession, and animals more generally, in sociological research will result in an impoverished and partial understanding of contemporary healthcare and occupations.     

动物权利论与生物中心论——西方环境伦理学的两大流派

目的/意义突如其来的新冠肺炎（COVID-19） ^①疫情打乱了社会经济和国民生活秩序,也引发深刻反思。人与动物的关系问题自古是哲学家探索自然无法绕开的问题,汤姆•雷根主张动物拥有平等道德权利的理论,跳出人类中心主义视角,以平等、尊重生命主体维度重构人与动物的关系。设计/方法通过文本分析,梳理雷根理论的核心术语及其逻辑,结合疫情、国情,审视动物权利理论。结论/发现从理念维度立足固有价值、尊重原则、非人类中心主义的价值观念,正视人与动物的关系,提高保护动物的意识,尊重野生动物的生存权利和生存环境;从现实维度,仁慈对待养殖动物、提倡素食、规范动物实验伦理、反对猎捕动物娱乐活动、关注濒危动物,约束人类行为,形成人与自然和谐相处,万物共生共享的美好景象。