Gendered Identities in the Work of Overseas Tour Reps

Gender construction within the tourism and leisure industry is under‐researched. In this article, we draw on empirical research on overseas tour reps to consider the ways in which men and women working alongside each other in the same feminized role ‘do gender’. In particular we explore how these workers deal with the particular dilemmas of the sexualization of women at work and the men reps’ potential threat to their heterosexuality, in a role where the boundaries between work and play are ambiguous. We argue that reps reveal masculinities and femininities that comply with traditional expectations. Young men reps are portrayed in ‘laddish’ terms in relation to their engagement with alcohol and sexual relationships with guests. Women reps emphasize their role as providers of emotional labour and taking control of guests’ perceptions and report refraining from sexual relationships with guests. Even within the same work role in this case study, men and women appear to construct different work identities.     

Under Pressure: Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Free Time and Feeling Rushed

Free time has the potential to reduce time pressures, yet previous studies paradoxically report increases in free time concurrent with increases in feeling rushed. Using U.S. time diary data from 708 individuals in 1975 and 964 individuals in 1998, we review the evidence on trends in free time and subjective perceptions of feeling rushed, and reexamine the relationship between free time and time pressure. We find that women's time pressure increased significantly between 1975 and 1998 but men's did not. In addition, the effects of objective time constraints vary by gender. Whereas more free time reduces men's perceptions of feeling rushed at both time points, among women, free time marginally reduced time pressure in 1975 but no longer reduced time pressure in 1998. Our findings suggest that persistent inequality in gendered time‐use patterns is paralleled by gendered experiences of time pressure.     

试论白居易闲适诗的分期、内容及艺术特色

本文认为白居易的闲适诗以元和十年诗人被贬江州司马为界 ,分为前后两期。前期多写作者从政之余的悠闲之乐 ,也时杂仕途险恶的忧疑 ;后期多乐天知命、明哲保身之作。他的闲适诗大都诗意含蓄、韵味盎然 ,表现出一种圆熟和自然流丽之美 ,在艺术上达到了很高的成就     

Exercise Time: Gender Differences in the Effects of Marriage,Parenthood, and Employment

Using data from a supplement to the 1995 National Health Interview Survey, this article examines the relationship among three major work and family roles—marriage, parenthood, and employment—and time spent on exercise among American men and women ages 18 to 64 (N = 13,496). As the time availability perspective suggests, work and family roles curtail time for exercise. Married adults spend less time on exercising than unmarried adults. Although the number of children is not related to time spent on exercising, having children under age 5 is negatively associated with exercising. Long hours of employment are also related to less time spent on exercising, although the effect is small. Across the board, women spend less time on exercising than men, but the negative association of work and family roles, especially the role of spouse, with time for exercise is greater for men than for women.     

休闲·文化·自然山林--现代公园规划设计理念

随着城市化进程的加快,人们已对城市公园绿地的功能提出了新的要求。文章以重庆市璧山县秀湖公园的规划设计为例,探讨了“休闲.文化.自然山林”规划设计理念在现代综合性公园规划设计实践中的应用。     

"逍遥复逍遥,白云如我闲"——陈白沙"自然之乐"的休闲境界

中国传统哲学蕴涵着丰富而深刻的休闲智慧--崇尚洒落自得的"曾点之乐",这种生活态度和生存理想又与审美境界内在地相通.明代哲学家陈白沙"自然之乐"的生命境界和审美境界,极为典型地体现了中国传统哲人的休闲智慧:其旷达自适的诗酒之乐、隐逸高洁的菊花之爱、逍遥自在的田园之趣,表现出中国哲人超然物外、天人合一、渗透人间世相、悟出生活真谛后的一种超越自得的生存境界.这种休闲的生存境界,对于我们当代社会的和谐生存具有一定的启示意义.     

谈城市发展中的社会休闲功能

社会性休闲是现代人生活的一项重要内容。基于对社会休闲的特征、功能的分析,文章认为:在城市化进程中,合情合理地开展社会休闲活动,对城市发展有着重要的价值。     

论列斐伏尔节奏分析视域中的劳动与休闲

列斐伏尔在节奏分析的视角下把日常生活和时空问题结合起来,运用节奏分析理论对劳动与休闲的关系进行了再思考,深化了日常生活批判理论。列斐伏尔区分了劳动与休闲的节奏,他认为由传统进入现代,支配日常生活的时间节奏愈来愈以机械为中心,人们听从机械的本能,劳动与休闲的关系发生了巨大变化,劳动与休闲都被异化了,休闲被转换成为一种产业,它既是劳动生产的中断,同时又是生产及扩大再生产得以进行和维持的源泉,因此,列斐伏尔分别对现代性的技术异化、规训权力的生成和作为意识形态的媒体进行了批判,揭示了现代社会劳动与休闲被机械组织化的根源,对我国社会现代化建设具有重要的理论指导意义。     

传承与整合：基于浙江本土资源的传统休闲体育文化研究

在传统文化中,休闲体育文化有着独特而又丰富的内涵.本文追溯了南宋市民的娱乐生活,认为休闲体育不是舶来品,并从非物质文化遗产视角梳理浙江省传统休闲体育项目.通过实践考察浙江省休闲体育文化丰富的本土资源,指出保护浙江省传统休闲体育“文化空间”刻不容缓,并得出浙江省当代休闲体育市场的培育和发展不能摈弃本土资源的论断.     

从文化视角考察建湖“十八团”杂技

采用实地考察法、访谈法、文献资料法等研究方法对江苏省建湖“十八团”杂技的起源和发展进行追踪调查,从体闲角度以文化视角对建湖“十八团”杂技的文化渊源进行研究,就如何继承和发扬建湖杂技技艺的优秀文化内涵,以民间传统技艺、文化的传承、传播为研究背景,探求传统文化对促进江苏文化体育强省建设的价值与途径。