国家间信任研究的路径比较:从博弈论到社会网络分析

国家间信任是关乎合作与冲突的重要议题,对不确定的国际体系而言尤为重要。梳理现有的研究文献,笔者归纳出国家间信任分析的三种主路径,它们的思路存在较大差异:博弈论从理性选择角度分析信任关系对成本支出的改变,进而影响合作建立与维持;合法化机制一方面从强式制度主义出发解释制度结构对信任的制约,另一方面也从弱势规范意义上分析了信任与规范、身份的关系,它认为国家选择信任除了利益动机之外还有被社会承认的合法化需要;网络分析则关注社会关系如何孕育信任,"嵌入性"视角试图在宏观与微观分析之间建立"第三条道路"。梳理、评介不同的研究路径有助于促进国际信任研究的发展。     

高校领导班子团队精神建设略论

班子团队精神是大局意识、协作观念和服务精神的集中体现,具有导向、聚合、激励和控制功能。提升高校领导班子的团队精神对健全高校集体领导机制、转变高校领导干部工作作风、增强高校领导班子执政能力都具有重要的意义。加强高校领导班子团队精神建设,应从加强马克思主义理论学习,营造和谐的工作环境,选拔团队精神强的核心领导,开展合作型实践活动等方面入手,切实建设能协同合作的领导班子。     

协商执法:行政执法新模式初探

协商执法既是现代行政民主化的要求,也是行政主体灵活应对复杂多变的执法状况的需要,在行政执法中引入协商机制具有民主正当性,并且有利于提高执法效率,彰显以人为本的行政理念,营造和谐的执法秩序。为使执法协商机制发挥更加积极的作用,必须构建完善的行政执法协商制度。     

Measures of emergency preparedness contributing to nursing home resilience

ABSTRACT

Resilience approaches have been successfully applied in crisis management, disaster response, and high reliability organizations and have the potential to enhance existing systems of nursing home disaster preparedness. This study’s purpose was to determine how the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) “Emergency Preparedness Checklist Recommended Tool for Effective Health Care Facility Planning” contributes to organizational resilience by identifying the benchmark resilience items addressed by the CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist and items not addressed by the CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist, and to recommend tools and processes to improve resilience for nursing homes. The CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist items were compared to the Resilience Benchmark Tool items; similar items were considered matches. Resilience Benchmark Tool items with no CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist item matches were considered breaches in nursing home resilience. The findings suggest that the CMS Emergency Preparedness Checklist can be used to measure some aspects of resilience, however, there were many resilience factors not addressed. For nursing homes to prepare and respond to crisis situations, organizations need to embrace a culture that promotes individual resilience-related competencies that when aggregated enable the organization to improve its resiliency. Social workers have the skills and experience to facilitate this change.     

师范院校书院文化活动育人机制实现途径——以肇庆学院为例

师范院校书院实行的具有师范特色的书院制管理模式,其文化活动建设和育人模式的选择,将直接影响书院价值、学生素质和人才培养质量.在对肇庆学院书院进行实地调查的基础上,分析书院管理中学生的现状及存在的问题等,应结合书院文化活动育人机制,提出具有书院师范特色文化活动的建设思路,充分发挥书院教育优势,设置师范类特色文化活动等,为学生成长成才提供优质平台.     

Urban African American Pre-Adolescent Social Problem Solving Skills

Summary

The results of two studies focusing on the social problem solving skills of African American preadolescent youth are detailed. In the first study data from a sample of 150 African American children, ages 9 to 11 years, was used to examine the association between type of youth social problem solving approaches applied to hypothetical risk situations and time spent in unsupervised peer situations of sexual possibility. Findings revealed that children with more exposure to sexual possibility situations generated a wider range of social problem solving strategies, but these approaches tended to be unrealistic and ambiguous. Further, there was a positive association between the amount of time spent unsupervised and youth difficulty formulating a definitive response to hypothetical peer pressure situations. Children with less exposure to sexual possibility situations tended to be more aggressive when approaching situations of peer pressure. In the second study, data from a non-overlapping sample of 164 urban, African American adult caregivers and their 9 to 11 year old children was examined in order to explore the associations between child gender, family-level factors including family communication frequency and intensity, time spent in situations of sexual possibility, and youth social problem solving approaches. Results revealed that children were frequently using constructive problem solving and help seeking behaviors when confronted by difficult social situations and that there was a significant relationship between the frequency and intensity of parent child communication and youth help seeking social problem solving approaches. Implications for research and family-based interventions are highlighted.     

我国中小企业国际化的路径选择

在全球经济一体化背景下,我国中小企业面临着更为激烈的国际竞争。实现国际化经营是我国中小企业培养国际竞争力、实现成长的重要途径。而国际化路径的选择是企业国际化进程中必须考虑的问题之一。在国际化经营的路径选择上,我国中小企业应考虑影响选择的内外因素,充分发挥自身优势,积极开拓服务业领域,选择合适的目标市场,并寻求合作模式。     

Improving utilisation of Māori land: Challenges and successes in the application of a participatory approach

Abstract

The limited impact of traditional extension techniques has resulted in the increasing use of participatory approaches to support interaction between Māori communities and scientists. This paper draws on the experience of a 5 year case study of such an approach among scientists and Māori on the East Cape. While supporting the value of a participatory approach, the paper argues that the adoption and use of such an approach must be viewed as an iterative process and one that challenges all participants, not only on operational detail, but on the ethical issues posed by such work. This paper highlights the value of a collaborative approach but questions the appropriateness of branding all such approaches as participatory research when used to support national policy initiatives. It concludes that participatory approaches challenge the scientists involved as much as the communities concerned and questions the validity of conventional measures of success in any evaluation of such work.     

论网络环境下信息伦理冲突的诱因、表现形式及纾解途径

回顾了信息伦理的由来及发展历程,阐述了信息伦理的内涵,分析了网络社会的结构缺陷带来的管理不力问题、网络空间的虚拟性引起人们交往的自由性问题,以及信息资源的经济价值导致人类行为的伦理失范是引发网络信息伦理冲突的主要原因.归纳出信息伦理冲突的四种主要表现,提出培育个人信息素养、构建信息过滤系统、完善社会赏罚机制、构建社会调控机制的纾解途径.     

Social Group Work for Young Offenders with Learning Disabilities

ABSTRACT

Despite the high incidence of learning disabilities among young offenders, research suggests that young offenders with learning disabilities do not receive interventions that address their learning disabilities. Group treatment approaches for young offenders typically utilize a cognitive-behavioral orientation. Cognitive behavioral techniques have been found to be effective with the young offender population by targeting their faulty thinking. However, cognitive behavioral treatment is less effective with youth who have academic delays. Individuals with learning disabilities may have difficulties with the cognitive tasks used in cognitive behavioral treatment. This paper describes a treatment group, with illustrations, adapted for young offenders with learning disabilities, combining cognitive-behavioral and mutual-aid principles.