钢铁表面W-S簇合物彩色膜的研究

通过(NH4)2WS4溶液浸渍,在钢铁表面获得了具有良好装饰效果和耐蚀性能的彩色W-S簇合物膜。FT-IR、F-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES分析结果表明,簇合物膜中存在W-S-Fe、端基W-S和端基W-O键,膜层由W、S、Fe、O元素组成,膜外层各元素价态分别为+6、+6(+4)、+3、-2,膜内层其价态则分别为+6(+4)、-2、+2、-2,膜为多分子层结构,从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了元素的相对原子百分浓度和膜层厚度。反应时间越长,膜越厚。加热后膜层所含元素种类和价态不变,但各元素的分布和膜的结构发生了变化。     

段玉裁关于《说文解字》列字归部的讨论

段玉裁就《说文》一部分形声字、会意字及会意兼形声字的归部问题进行了讨论。字义所重和字有统属是《说文》一部分字归部的主要依据。段玉裁把《说文》的归部之例与词义问题结合起来考察,有助于我们认识《说文》体例和词义研究。     

含S,N有机配体的铜缓蚀剂研究

近年来,无毒或低毒、无污染、高效的金属缓蚀剂研究倍受重视,本文介绍归纳了一些具有优异缓蚀性能的新型铜缓蚀剂及其作用机理。     

意义支点词刍议

现代汉语中有些复合词的某语素并未使用它自身的语素义,而是使用了以之为构成成员的另外一个复合词的词义,这类复合词可叫做"意义支点词".研究意义支点词的造词特色要注意以下三个方面与简称的区别;与通常语素义的区别;与通常汉语造词法的区别.     

Combined Effects of Contaminant Desorption and Toxicity on Risk from PAH Contaminated Sediments

A strong inverse correlation was observed between the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mass fraction desorbed, a surrogate measure of bioavailability, and relative carcinogenicity, as quantified by potency equivalency factors (PEFs), for two study sediments from the New York/New Jersey Harbor estuary. Because compounds with the highest toxicity, such as dibenz(a,h)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), also tended to be the least rapidly and least extensively desorbed, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) default guidance may dramatically overestimate risk from exposure to PAH-contaminated soils or sediments. A "relative risk index" (RRI) was developed to account for the combined effects of compound-specific bioavailability and toxic potency in estimating excess cancer risk. Using this approach, estimated excess cancer risk may be diminished by as much as a factor of 159 times versus default EPA guidance. Also, the hierarchy of estimated risk between study sediments and among treatment fractions of study sediments differed using the two approaches, implying that the default approach may inaccurately determine site clean-up priorities. The percentage contribution of each potentially carcinogenic priority PAH to total excess cancer risk was computed under various scenarios. In each case, the contribution of BAP to total excess cancer risk was remarkably invariable, for example, ranging from 48% to 52% in one sediment, and 44% to 54% in the other, over four different exposure durations. These results suggest that BAP may be an excellent indexing compound for gauging relative exposure risk across sediments. Other important contributors to total excess cancer risk were benz(a)anthracene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. Together, these three compounds comprised nearly 90% of total excess cancer risk from all PAHs in every scenario. This integrated RRI approach may enable regulators to more accurately gauge relative risks and make more informed sediment management decisions.     

双苯并咪唑2-甲基酮缩二胺类Schiff碱的合成与研究

以邻苯二胺、乳酸、二胺类化合物为原料，合成了五个双苯并咪唑2-甲基酮缩二胺Schiff碱化合物，产率为:68％～93％，同时考察了影响反应的各种因素及化合物的抗菌活性，并对化合物进行了表征．     

无机化合物热稳定性的热力学讨论

运用热力学的基本方法和数据,介绍和探讨了热力学在讨论某些无机化合物热稳定性方面的应用。     

A Spatial Approach to Environmental Risk Assessment of PAH Contamination

The extent of remediation of contaminated industrial sites depends on spatial heterogeneity of contaminant concentration and spatially explicit risk characterization. We used sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) and indicator kriging (IK) to describe the spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pH, electric conductivity, particle aggregate distribution, water holding capacity, and total organic carbon, and quantitative relations among them, in a creosote polluted soil in southern Sweden. The geostatistical analyses were combined with risk analyses, in which the total toxic equivalent concentration of the PAH mixture was calculated from the soil concentrations of individual PAHs and compared with ecotoxicological effect concentrations and regulatory threshold values in block sizes of 1.8 × 1.8 m. Most PAHs were spatially autocorrelated and appeared in several hot spots. The risk calculated by SGS was more confined to specific hot spot areas than the risk calculated by IK, and 40–50% of the site had PAH concentrations exceeding the threshold values with a probability of 80% and higher. The toxic equivalent concentration of the PAH mixture was dependent on the spatial distribution of organic carbon, showing the importance of assessing risk by a combination of measurements of PAH and organic carbon concentrations. Essentially, the same risk distribution pattern was maintained when Monte Carlo simulations were used for implementation of risk in larger (5 × 5 m), economically more feasible remediation blocks, but a smaller area became of great concern for remediation when the simulations included PAH partitioning to two separate sources, creosote and natural, of organic matter, rather than one general.     

认知语义学视角下英语N+N离心复合词语义研究

英语N+N复合词研究一直是语言学领域重点关注的课题之一。随着认知语言学研究的不断深入,其中的离心结构型复合词得到认知语言学界特别的重视,国内外学者试图从认知的角度来解析英语N+N离心复合词的语义特征。本文重点探讨和分析了框架语义学、概念整合理论和LCCM理论在英语N+N离心复合词语义研究中的运用,以期对这类复合词的认知语义学研究视角有一个更加系统和全面的认识。     

Consumption of Fish and Shrimp from Southeast Louisiana Poses No Unacceptable Lifetime Cancer Risks Attributable to High‐Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Following oil spills such as the Deepwater Horizon accident (DWH), contamination of seafood resources and possible increased health risks attributable to consumption of seafood in spill areas are major concerns. In this study, locally harvested finfish and shrimp were collected from research participants in southeast Louisiana and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are some of the most important chemicals of concern regarding oil‐spill‐contaminated seafood resources during and following oil spills. Some PAHs are considered carcinogens for risk assessment purposes, and currently, seven of these can be combined in lifetime cancer risk assessments using EPA approaches. Most PAHs were not detected in these samples (minimum detection limits ranged from 1.2 to 2.1 PPB) and of those that were detected, they were generally below 10 PPB. The pattern of detected PAHs suggested that the source of these chemicals in these seafood samples was not a result of direct contact with crude oil. Lifetime cancer risks were assessed using conservative assumptions and models in a probabilistic framework for the seven carcinogenic PAHs. Lifetime health risks modeled using this framework did not exceed a 1/10,000 cancer risk threshold. Conservative, health‐protective deterministic estimates of the levels of concern for PAH chemical concentration and seafood intake rates were above the concentrations and intake rates modeled under this probabilistic framework. Taken together, consumption of finfish and shrimp harvested from southeast Louisiana following the DWH does not pose unacceptable lifetime cancer risks from these seven carcinogenic PAHs even for the heaviest possible consumers.