凡·高的艺术修养和艺术追求——凡·高书信研读

凡·高是十九世纪荷兰的艺术大师,其艺术风貌独特、成就卓著,但其人其画都过于传奇而歧义颇多。他写给亲人的信件为我们留下了深刻认识他的人生、他的艺术、他的作品的唯一的和最重要的材料,本文以分类梳理的方法研究他的书信,给凡·高及凡·高艺术研究提供新的思路和方法。     

现代设计艺术的历史发展及未来走势

艺术设计是人类有目的性的审美创造活动。艺术设计属于艺术范畴,其包涵了艺术创造的更多成分,设计对美的不断追求决定了设计中必然的艺术含量。     

文学观念向他律的倾斜与越界--评20世纪30年代初前后六七年间文学观念的论争(上)

文学的自律、他律问题早在20世纪初就已提出.五四新文化运动后一个时期,文学自律的一面探讨不多,主要是争论他律的应有的方面,以确立新文学的性质与方向,建立新的文学观念,自属文学内涵的应有之义.但自20年代下半期从文学革命走向革命文学之后,马克思主义文学理论与俄国的无产阶级文化派及其余脉的各种文学思想,都被当成无产阶级文学思想介绍了过来,形成了20年代末、30年代初的中国文艺界的多次大争论,造成了文学观念向他律的倾斜与严重的越界.其中的一系列主导思想,后来以权威的形式被沿袭与巩固了下来.     

法治理想及其要求

法治是当今世界公认的一种重要政治价值。法治理想的要义是通过法律规范的途径来限制任意专断权力的运作。为达到这一目标,法律规范在形式上必须满足富勒提出的八项要求,并且必须确立法律的正当程序来保障法律规范得到适当的运用。我们可以把这两方面称作法治理想形式与程序方面的要求。法治理想的要义还有助于我们理解人们围绕法治的一些重要争论,如关于实质性法治观念的争论,关于立法性法律的争论等。     

清代满族文学与"京腔京韵"

清代满族人的汉语北京方言表达能力升至高水准,满族作家在文学创作中运用的"京腔"艺术性语言,也跟进于本民族的语言拓展,标示出高水准。清初满族刚刚登上汉语文坛不久,他们的诗人即一反中原文学引经据典、高深莫测之传统,蹊径独辟,是以天然、浑朴、俗畅、晓白著称;在中国文学的发展中,最能代表满人文学成就者,非满族小说莫属,其一以贯之的长处,也首推语言,曹雪芹《红楼梦》、文康《儿女英雄传》,以及清末大量涌现的满人京语白话小说,还有子弟书、八角鼓等俗文艺,无不引领中国近代早期白话创作风骚,开启现代"京味儿"文学先河之功用价值。     

浅析《左传》刻画女性人物形象的艺术手法

《左传》虽工于叙战,但人物刻画亦富有光彩.作者以白描、语言描写、细节描写、侧面描写等艺术手法刻画女性人物,姜氏、怀赢、穆姜等女性跃然纸上.     

Understanding vaccine knowledge,attitudes, and decision-making through college student interviews

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccines required for college-entry and vaccine-related behaviors among college students. Participants: Thirty-three full-time undergraduate students, ≥ 18 years old, enrolled at public (2) and private (3) colleges and universities in metropolitan Philadelphia in fall 2016. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews, which were double-coded with 5,015 comments overall and 99.3% intercoder reliability (κ?=?0.779) using NVivo 11 software. Results: Six key themes emerged: (1) low knowledge about vaccines and requirements; (2) mixed attitudes about required vs. recommended vaccines; (3) high trust in medical professionals; (4) low perceived risk for vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks; (5) substantial parental influence on students’ decision-making; and (6) low utilization of Student Health Services. Conclusions: This study revealed lack of knowledge about and low prioritization of vaccination despite overall positive attitudes towards vaccines. Prematriculation education of college students is critical to increasing vaccine knowledge and use.     

Hazard Analysis and Safety Requirements for Small Drone Operations: To What Extent Do Popular Drones Embed Safety?

Currently, published risk analyses for drones refer mainly to commercial systems, use data from civil aviation, and are based on probabilistic approaches without suggesting an inclusive list of hazards and respective requirements. Within this context, this article presents: (1) a set of safety requirements generated from the application of the systems theoretic process analysis (STPA) technique on a generic small drone system; (2) a gap analysis between the set of safety requirements and the ones met by 19 popular drone models; (3) the extent of the differences between those models, their manufacturers, and the countries of origin; and (4) the association of drone prices with the extent they meet the requirements derived by STPA. The application of STPA resulted in 70 safety requirements distributed across the authority, manufacturer, end user, or drone automation levels. A gap analysis showed high dissimilarities regarding the extent to which the 19 drones meet the same safety requirements. Statistical results suggested a positive correlation between drone prices and the extent that the 19 drones studied herein met the safety requirements generated by STPA, and significant differences were identified among the manufacturers. This work complements the existing risk assessment frameworks for small drones, and contributes to the establishment of a commonly endorsed international risk analysis framework. Such a framework will support the development of a holistic and methodologically justified standardization scheme for small drone flights.     

论《红楼梦》中的柳意象

柳经常出现在我国古代抒情文学作品中,成为一种具有特定内涵和独特意蕴的文学意象。拟从柳意象的原型内涵入手,对《红楼梦》中柳意象的艺术表现进行梳理,试探讨其作为叙事文学对柳意象内涵的继承和深化。     

斯宾格勒艺术观探析

作为19世纪末20世纪前期著名的历史学家和历史哲学家,这是学界对斯宾格勒身份的公认。正因此,很少有人把他看做是文艺学家、美学家,也很少有人去系统阐述其历史哲学中所蕴涵的艺术观。这不能不说是一个遗憾。然而,斯宾格勒为我们留下了十分独特的艺术思想,展现了与其历史哲学的总体研究方法与内在精神逻辑相一致的艺术观。对斯宾格勒的艺术观进行深入开掘与合理阐释,具有十分重要的学术价值,它为我们深入探讨当前文艺学、美学等领域的相关问题提供了许多有益的启示。