“It Led to Great Advances in Science”: What Teacher Candidates Know About the Holocaust

A quarter of a century has passed since lawmakers enacted the New Jersey Holocaust education mandate, and it seems responsible and timely to ask if it, the original Holocaust education mandate, actually encouraged substantive learning about the Holocaust. Despite repeated fanfare about the mandate and its inclusion in educational curricula throughout the state, no existing studies have tested its impact. To fill the gap, this article examines the effectiveness of the New Jersey Holocaust education mandate. It does this by reviewing and analyzing a survey of teacher candidates at a large public university in New Jersey to develop data on the knowledge and attitudes about the Holocaust. The teacher candidates comprised a pool whose primary and secondary education took place under the mandate and who intend to teach within the state-mandated framework. After a review of the current state of Holocaust education, the article examines the New Jersey mandate and curriculum more carefully. It then moves on to explore the results of a mixed-methods survey given to teacher candidates at a public university in that state to offer a measure of the mandate’s success. Finally, it ends with implications for revisions of curriculum and instruction.     

Leaving like an Englishman: Assisting institutional reform in post‐communist Ukraine

Scholars of Development Studies have largely distanced themselves from research into external advice on governance reform in Ukraine, regarding post‐communist reconstruction as a political rather than developmental project. This article suggests that these seemingly distinct fields of donor intervention have more in common than is usually thought. It examines the influence of external advice on an issue which has particular resonance in the light of recent events in Ukraine, the relationship between Kyiv and the regions. It is argued that the impact of international assistance in this area has been negligible, largely due to institutional factors on the donor side, and that the most persuasive explanations for this are to be found in the literature of Development Studies.     

Social assistance trajectories among young adults in Finland: What are the determinants of welfare dependency?

Social assistance receipt is typical among young adults, but the long‐term trajectories of social assistance receipt have been less studied. We use Finnish population register data to study the kinds of social assistance trajectories found among young adults. We also analyze how individual and family characteristics are associated with the likelihood of following different social assistance trajectories. Individuals are followed from the age of 19 to 25. According to the results, social assistance receipt is relatively common among young adults but spell duration is usually short. Around 35% receive social assistance at least once between the ages of 19 and 25, and 2.5% receive social assistance each year. Using latent class growth analysis, we estimated six trajectories based on the annual number of social assistance months: (1) no receipt; (2) transitory; (3) slow exit; (4) occasional; (5) increase; and (6) dependency. Almost 4% of young adults follow the “dependency” trajectory. The results from multinomial logistic regression indicate that having only a short education is a particularly strong predictor of social assistance dependency. Parental social assistance receipt and moving out of the parental home at a young age are also significant predictors of social assistance receipt.     

20世纪五六十年代中国重型机械技术发展初探

20世纪五六十年代,中国优先发展重工业和国防工业,重型机械制造业随之成为发展迅速的新兴产业。一系列举措促使重型机械技术的发展经历了从修配、仿制、自主研发重大产品的三个阶段。苏联援助、自力更生和“三线建设”等若干因素影响重型机械的技术发展。在此期间,国家强有力的政策指向、薄弱的工业基础、较强的技术引进和消化吸收的能力,决定了中国重型机械技术发展所走的道路。     

中国农民工社会保障研究

随着我国工业化、城镇化的快速推进,以及农村经济体制改革和产业结构调整的逐步深化,越来越多的农民选择了到城市谋求发展的空间。他们为社会的发展做出了巨大贡献,但同时我们也应该看到,这一群体长期以来都游离在我国现有的社会保障体系之外,成为我国一大不容忽视的弱势群体。究其原因主要有长期以来的城乡二元体制桎梏、农民工社会保障的立法缺失以及人们的一些思想观念阻碍等多因素共同造成的。因此,改革户籍制度、建立健全有关农民工社会保障的法律、法规并逐步完善农民工的社会保障制度等是农民工社会保障的理性选择。     

完善我国农村医疗救助制度的思考

贫困人口医疗救助制度是我国农村医疗保障制度的组成部分,有必要对我国农村贫困人口实施医疗救助制度,要正确处理好农村贫困人口医疗救助制度与新型农村合作医疗制度的关系。福利经济学、凯恩斯经济理论和剑桥学派的社会救助思想是我国农村医疗救助制度的理论基础。我国农村贫困人口医疗救助制度处于初级发展阶段,需要确立政府在医疗救助中的主体地位,扩大农村大病医疗救助的范围,建立社会救助机构和基金,完善医疗救助政策法规体系。     

‘I do like the subtle touch’: interactions between people with learning difficulties and their personal assistants

Disabled people have often been denied choice and control in their lives. Although direct payments promise to deliver autonomy for disabled people, much depends on the way direct payments employers and personal assistants handle their interactions. These matters are particularly important for people with learning difficulties, who have routinely been restricted and controlled by their support staff. This paper presents an analysis, based on video material, of interactions between people with learning difficulties and personal assistants. The paper examines how difficult tasks, such as giving advice, can be accomplished in ways that people with learning difficulties find acceptable. Successful interactions are built on sensitivity to the wishes of the person, on a moment by moment basis. It is important that both parties coordinate their body language, humour and timing to demonstrate a close and friendly relationship, which is both professional and on the terms of the direct payments employer.     

社会救助视角下农村家庭养老服务津贴政策构想

为救助困难家庭的老人、提升老人的养老质量,政府已为部分困难老人购买社会养老服务。然而受制于各地经济社会发展水平,在广大的农村地区、甚至部分城镇地区,社会化服务发展水平较低、服务人员和队伍不足,绝大多数家庭尚未享受到政府购买服务,困难老人仍然依靠传统的家庭养老服务。基于与政府购买社会养老服务政策相匹配的理念,文章通过梳理国内外家庭养老服务相关实践发现对提供服务的家庭予以部分经济补贴是可行之路,实际调研中也发现当下农村地区困难老人面临的养老责任扯皮推诿、服务水平低等问题多为经济不足诱发。针对农村地区为老人提供家庭养老服务的困难家庭,本文从目标、原则、管理体制等几个方面为其构建农村家庭养老服务津贴政策。     

社会救助制度政府责任的正当性及其限度——基于伦理学视域的分析

社会救助制度关系社会财富的再分配,也就必然涉及到国家和政府的责任问题。国家和政府在社会救助制度中承担何种责任是一个复杂的现代性政治伦理问题。社会救助制度责任主体的历史变迁整体上经历了三个基本阶段,即个人责任阶段、过渡阶段和政府责任阶段。社会救助制度政府责任的正当性首先源于国家的公共性本质,其次源于现代社会分配正义的价值诉求。市民社会与国家的伦理张力,社会救助制度责任主体的多元性,以及社会救助制度的道德风险决定了社会救助制度政府责任的限度。     

IT中的名誉权及隐私权保护

因特网的普及使网络侵权,特别是对名誉权、隐私权的侵犯成为可能且呈日益增多的趋势.在这种情况下,如何认定不当信息发布者以及ISP的责任从而实现IT中名誉权、隐私权的保护,就成为亟待解决的问题.