Choosing Choices: Agenda Selection With Uncertain Issues

We study selection rules: voting procedures used by committees to choose whether to place an issue on their agenda. At the selection stage of the model, committee members are uncertain about their final preferences. They only have some private information about these preferences. We show that voters become more conservative when the selection rule itself becomes more conservative. The decision rule has the opposite effect. We compare these voting procedures to the designation of an agenda setter among the committee and to a utilitarian social planner with all the ex interim private information.     

权衡视角下企业社会责任行为研究

文章从权衡视角探讨了企业社会责任行为的调整机制。经验证据表明：中国上市公司社会责任投资存在极强的理性,会在外部压力、公司特征与成本之间确定最优的社会责任投资,平均的调整周期为1.460 8,这与静态权衡预期一致;风险承受能力的差别导致朝目标值的调整速度存在差异,当企业的社会责任水平高偏于最优值时,呈现出较快的调整速度,而低偏于目标社会责任时,调整速度较慢,对应的调整半周期差异为0.432 0,这与动态权衡预期一致。因此,研究的直接启示是不仅需要政策压力迫使企业履行社会责任,更需要引导利益相关者更好地进行回应,从而使企业更有动力去践行社会责任。     

Estimation and Prediction for Exponentiated Family of Distributions Based on Records

In this article, a family of distributions, namely the exponentiated family of distributions, is defined and for the unknown parameters, different point estimates are derived based on record statistics. Prediction for future record values is presented from a Bayesian view point. Two numerical examples and a Monte Carlo simulation study are presented to illustrate the results.     

Estimation in the bivariate poisson distribution and hypothesis testing concerning independence

Estimation procedures in the bivariate Poisson distribution are briefly reviewed and some errors in the literature are corrected. Asymptotic efficiencies are reexamined for both symmetric and asymmetric cases. Six hypothesis testing procedures, including three studied by Kocherlakota and Kocherlakota (1985), for independence are evaluated by using Monte Carlo simulations.     

Estimators for the Finite Mixture of Rayleigh Model Based on Progressively Censored Data

In this article, based on progressively Type-II censored samples from a heterogeneous population that can be represented by a finite mixture of two-component Rayleigh lifetime model, the problem of estimating the parameters and some lifetime parameters (reliability and hazard functions) are considered. Both Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimators are of interest. A class of natural conjugate prior densities is considered in the Bayesian setting. The Bayes estimators are obtained using both the symmetric (squared error) loss function, and the asymmetric (LINEX and General Entropy) loss functions. It has been seen that the estimators obtained can be easily evaluated for this type of censoring by using suitable numerical methods. Finally, the performance of the estimates have been compared on the basis of their simulated maximum square error via a Monte Carlo simulation study.     

市场信息对中国与欧盟猪肉价格波动的影响

市场信息是商品价格形成的基础。基于“信息经济学”理论,运用TARCH和EGARCH模型,探讨中国和欧盟猪肉市场信息对价格波动产生的不同影响。结果表明：中国猪肉市场存在明显的信息不对称效应,使猪肉价格上涨的 “正向信息”大于使猪肉价格下跌“负向信息”的影响,且“正向信息”对于猪肉价格的波动具有强化作用;欧盟猪肉市场“负向信息”大于“正向信息”的影响,且不存在显著的信息冲击不对称效应,其原因在于欧盟市场的政策干预少,价格“杠杆效应”不明显。因此,中国政府有关部门应减少干预,进一步提高猪肉市场的透明度。     

国际油价波动对国内消费物价水平传导非对称研究

中国原油定价机制逐步市场化,国内与国际油价的关联性大大提高。以研究国际油价波动对中国消费物价水平的传导为研究目的,以2007年1月-2015年12月为样本区间,从国际油价对CPI的传导机理入手,依据传导性质划分为直接传导和间接传导两条传导路径,并以此作为研究框架。以协整和非对称误差修正模型（APT-ECM）为主要研究方法,结合Wald检验和脉冲响应函数分析方法,深入剖析实际传导过程及其特征。实证结果表明,国际油价对国内消费物价水平的传导包括垂直传导和空间传导。受多种因素影响,实际传导效应在油价波动方向、波动幅度和传导速率方面表现出不同程度的非对称性特征。     

Identification of Standard Auction Models

This paper presents new identification results for models of first–price, second–price, ascending (English), and descending (Dutch) auctions. We consider a general specification of the latent demand and information structure, nesting both private values and common values models, and allowing correlated types as well as ex ante asymmetry. We address identification of a series of nested models and derive testable restrictions enabling discrimination between models on the basis of observed data. The simplest model—symmetric independent private values—is nonparametrically identified even if only the transaction price from each auction is observed. For richer models, identification and testable restrictions may be obtained when additional information of one or more of the following types is available: (i) the identity of the winning bidder or other bidders; (ii) one or more bids in addition to the transaction price; (iii) exogenous variation in the number of bidders; (iv) bidder–specific covariates. While many private values (PV) models are nonparametrically identified and testable with commonly available data, identification of common values (CV) models requires stringent assumptions. Nonetheless, the PV model can be tested against the CV alternative, even when neither model is identified.     

Constants and variables: Pareto's asymmetric distribution curve

The article sets out the classic Paretian theory of income distribution. As it does so, it seeks to highlight the constant elements in the human faculties represented, at aggregate level, by the invariability and persistence of the asymmetric income curve, and the variable elements connected with the same curve and manifest in upward and downward mobility – what Pareto calls ‘circulation’. The two theorems arising from Pareto's discovery constitute a specific theory of development which has been confirmed from two points of view: in the positive sense of development when – as in the West – the second theorem has been applied (also independently of Pareto) with the connected theory of the entrepreneur and innovation in democratic regimes; but also in the negative sense of underdevelopment, with the destruction of wealth and the consequent general impoverishment, when expropriation policies have been implemented in despotic regimes, or excessive taxation in others.