Mixture cure model with an application to interval mapping of quantitative trait loci

When censored time-to-event data are used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL), the existence of nonsusceptible subjects entails extra challenges. If the heterogeneous susceptibility is ignored or inappropriately handled, we may either fail to detect the responsible genetic factors or find spuriously significant locations. In this article, an interval mapping method based on parametric mixture cure models is proposed, which takes into consideration of nonsusceptible subjects. The proposed model can be used to detect the QTL that are responsible for differential susceptibility and/or time-to-event trait distribution. In particular, we propose a likelihood-based testing procedure with genome-wide significance levels calculated using a resampling method. The performance of the proposed method and the importance of considering the heterogeneous susceptibility are demonstrated by simulation studies and an application to survival data from an experiment on mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes.     

Imagining ‘Burma’: a historical overview

Burma faced independence in 1948 as a deeply divided country. The British had ruled the area, which now was declared the ‘Union of Burma’ under two entirely different administrative systems. ‘Burma Proper’ was basically populated by the ethnic Burmans, Arakanese, Mons and Delta Karens, whereas the ‘Frontier Areas’ were populated by the Shan people, Salween Karens, Kachins, Karennis, Chins and various subgroups of the aforementioned. The same year, as independence was granted, the Union of Burma plunged into a civil war, which still continues. This article discusses the ethnic categories created by the colonial authorities and looks into how these ethnic categories have been – and continue to be – imagined, invented, manipulated and politicised. The article looks into how the Burmese authorities dealt with the ethnic diversity in the first constitution of 1947 by dividing the country into ethnically based ‘states’ and ‘divisions’ and how the international community of today continues supporting these colonial categories.     

The use of concept mapping in measurement development and evaluation: Application and future directions

The past decade has seen an increase of measurement development research in social and health sciences that featured the use of concept mapping as a core technique. The purpose, application, and utility of concept mapping have varied across this emerging literature. Despite the variety of uses and range of outputs, little has been done to critically review how researchers have approached the application of concept mapping in the measurement development and evaluation process. This article focuses on a review of the current state of practice regarding the use of concept mapping as methodological tool in this process. We systematically reviewed 23 scale or measure development and evaluation studies, and detail the application of concept mapping in the context of traditional measurement development and psychometric testing processes. Although several limitations surfaced, we found several strengths in the contemporary application of the method. We determined concept mapping provides (a) a solid method for establishing content validity, (b) facilitates researcher decision-making, (c) insight into target population perspectives that are integrated a priori, and (d) a foundation for analytical and interpretative choices. Based on these results, we outline how concept mapping can be situated in the measurement development and evaluation processes for new instrumentation.     

2MTO,a new mapping tool to achieve lean benefits in high-variety low-volume job shops

This paper proposes the ‘Mapping Tool for Make-To-Order companies’ (2MTO), a new approach to map, analyse and achieve lean benefits in high-variety-low-volume job shops. The focus is, mainly, on the transitional phase from push to pull, when there is a compelling need to acquire a deep understanding of the current state of the system under analysis. Sometimes, in this initial phase, a pure pull approach cannot be developed and a job shop configuration must be maintained. If so, 2MTO allows selecting a suitable hybrid Production Planning and Control system to control Work-In-Process and to limit lead times, so as to quickly achieve lean benefits, without significantly altering the original layout. 2MTO is fully explained making reference to an Italian precision mechanic company, where the application of the method led to a successful implementation of a Workload Control system.     

谈句法学和语用学的一些相互作用

假设在构成语言能力的诸因素中可以分离出两种不同的成分 "句法语义成分 "和 "语用学成分 " ,那么前者所涉及的是句子的意义和句法形式之间的关系 ,后者涉及的是怎样使用和运用语言手段去促使语言交流的成功。具体地讲 ,我们可以把某一句法语义派生过程设想成逻辑结构和表面结构之间的一种映射。这类映射规则是句法学和语用学的一些相互作用的具体表现     

类比推理发展理论述评

类比推理能力的发展是儿童认知发展的重要成分之一。从发展的角度分析类比推理发展的三种主要理论———结构理论、信息加工理论和结构映射理论 ,结果表明 :结构理论强调类比推理发展的阶段 ,信息加工理论强调类比推理发展的认知成分 ,结构映射理论则把发展的重点放在关系结构的转换上     

非对称共面线的特性阻抗

分析了两种不同模型的自由空间中非对称面西线,其共形变换技术得到了线电容的严格解;讨论了双曲正切变换有限厚度介质基片上的非对称共面线,得到了单层有限厚介质基片情况下非对称共西线的有效介电常数、单位长度电容和特性阻抗的闭合表达式。     

Banach空间中二层规划的凸性和连续性问题

本文置二层规划模型中的各构成函数于Banach空间中,讨论了下层极值函数和上层目标函数的凸性与连续性,推广了有限维空间中二层规划模型中的相应结果。     

S—完全正则与S—完全正规空间

文章引入了S－完全正则（S3．5）空间与S－完全正规（S5）空间的概念,讨论它们各自的特征性质以及与其他Si－空间的相互关系。     

The Impact of Perceived Flood Exposure on Flood‐Risk Perception: The Role of Distance

Natural hazards, such as major flood events, are occurring with increasing frequency and inflicting increasing levels of financial damages upon affected communities. The experience of such major flood events has brought about a significant change in attitudes to flood‐risk management, with a shift away from built engineering solutions alone towards a more multifaceted approach. Europe's experience with damaging flood episodes provided the impetus for the introduction of the European Floods Directive, requiring the establishment of flood‐risk management plans at the river‐basin scale. The effectiveness of such plans, focusing on prevention, protection, and preparedness, is dependent on adequate flood awareness and preparedness, and this is related to perception of flood risk. This is an important factor in the design and assessment of flood‐risk management. Whilst there is a modern body of literature exploring flood perception issues, there have been few examples that explore its spatial manifestations. Previous literature has examined perceived and real distance to a hazard source (such as a river, nuclear facility, landfill, or incinerator, etc.), whereas this article advances the literature by including an objectively assessed measure of distance to a perceived flood zone, using a cognitive mapping methodology. The article finds that distance to the perceived flood zone (perceived flood exposure) is a crucial factor in determining flood‐risk perception, both the cognitive and affective components. Furthermore, we find an interesting phenomenon of misperception among respondents. The article concludes by discussing the implications for flood‐risk management.