近年来我国特殊教育教师研究的热点领域与知识基础--基于 CSSCI 学术期刊1998－2013年文献的计量分析

依据文献计量学和科学知识图谱的理论基础,借助 CiteSpace 软件对1998—2013年间 CSSCI收录的有关特殊教育教师主题的研究进行可视化分析。通过绘制关键词共现网络知识图谱,探测出我国特殊教育教师研究的热点领域包括：特殊教育师资培养、特殊教育教师专业化发展、特殊教育教师的心理健康与社会支持、特殊教育教师资格认证制度。通过绘制文献共被引网络图谱来寻找特殊教育教师研究的知识基础,探测出《特殊教育师资培养问题研究》等高被引著作或文献。     

方程x=f(t,x(t-1))存在3-周期解并蕴含着浑沌的条件

本文首先在定理1中给出方程上x=f(t,x(t-1))存在3-周期解的条件,然后证明在定理1的条件下,上述方程的解将出现浑沌行为(即定理2).     

认知语言学视野下的指称性转喻研究

构式压制型指称性转喻和概念映射型指称性转喻构成了一个转喻连续统一体。在这个连续统一体上,一端是构式压制造成的转喻义,一端是概念映射生成的转喻义。构式压制型指称性转喻和概念映射型指称性转喻在词义永久性、功能转移和语用效果方面有差异。对转喻连续统一体分析表明,视角、突显和心理扫描识解方式是构式压制型指称性转喻和概念映射型指称性转喻产生的认知动因。     

概念整合网络与新闻漫画的语义构建

文章首先回顾了认知语言学中Fauconnier和Tunner等人提出的概念整合理论的主要概念和基本思想,然后运用这一理论探讨了新闻漫画的语义构建,并选取三副网络新闻漫画进行了个案分析,旨在说明概念整合理论的认知解释力.分析表明,概念整合理论具有解释在线构建非传统意义上的新颖意义的特性,能够为新闻漫画的语义构建、创新和理解提供一个新的理论视角.     

Methods for spatial and temporal land use and land cover assessment for urban ecosystems and application in the greater Baltimore-Chesapeake region

Understanding contemporary urban landscapes requires multiple sets of spatially and temporally compatible data that can integrate historical land use patterns and disturbances to land cover. This paper presents three principal methods: (1) core analysis; (2) historic mapping; and (3) gradient analysis, to link spatial and temporal data for urban ecosystems and applies their use in the Baltimore-Chesapeake region. Paleoecological evidence derived from the geochronology of sediment cores provides data on long-term as well as recent changes in vegetative land cover. This information, combined with contemporary vegetation maps, provides a baseline for conducting trend analyses to evaluate urbanization of the landscape. A 200-year historical land use database created from historical maps, census data, and remotely sensed data provides a spatial framework for investigating human impacts on the region. A geographic information system (GIS) integrates core analyses with historic data on land use change to yield a comprehensive land use and land cover framework and rates of change. These data resources establish the regional foundation for investigating the ecological components of an urban ecosystem. Urban-rural gradient analyses and patch analyses are proposed as the most appropriate methods for studying the urban ecosystem as they link ecological and social patterns and processes for varying degrees of urbanization.     

Disequilibrium multi-dividing ontology learning algorithm

As an effective tool for data storage, processing, and computing, ontology has been used in many fields of computer science and information technology. By means of its powerful performance on semantic query and knowledge extraction, domain ontology has been built on various disciplines such as biology, pharmaceutics, geography, chemistry, etc. and been smoothly employed for their engineering applications. In these ontology applications, we aim to get an optimal ontology function which maps each ontology to a real number and then determine the similarity between concepts by the distance of their corresponding real numbers. In former ontology learning approaches, all the instances in the training sample have equal status in the learning process. In this article, we present the disequilibrium multi-dividing ontology algorithm in which the important ontology data will be highlighted during the learning, and the relevant ontology data tend to be eliminated. Four experiments are designed to test the serviceability of our disequilibrium multi-dividing algorithm from angles of ontology similarity measuring and ontology mapping construction.     

Evaluating social exclusion interventions in university-community partnerships

Most university-community partnerships (UCPs) involve elements of community-level social exclusion interventions. As such, they face substantial challenges in management and evaluation. This paper highlights the central challenges associated with evaluation of UCP and other social exclusion interventions at the community level, and suggests methods to overcome them. The main body of the paper presents a case study based on a four-year action research involving evaluation of a social exclusion intervention initiated and implemented by a UCP in Israel. The case study highlights the challenges faced by the evaluation team, the solutions provided, and the contribution of the evaluation to improvement and accountability.     

R-CMap—An open-source software for concept mapping

Planning and evaluating projects often involves input from many stakeholders. Fusing and organizing many different ideas, opinions, and interpretations into a coherent and acceptable plan or project evaluation is challenging. This is especially true when seeking contributions from a large number of participants, especially when not all can participate in group discussions, or when some prefer to contribute their perspectives anonymously. One of the major breakthroughs in the area of evaluation and program planning has been the use of graphical tools to represent the brainstorming process. This provides a quantitative framework for organizing ideas and general concepts into simple-to-interpret graphs. We developed a new, open-source concept mapping software called R-CMap, which is implemented in R. This software provides a graphical user interface to guide users through the analytical process of concept mapping. The R-CMap software allows users to generate a variety of plots, including cluster maps, point rating and cluster rating maps, as well as pattern matching and go-zone plots. Additionally, R-CMap is capable of generating detailed reports that contain useful statistical summaries of the data. The plots and reports can be embedded in Microsoft Office tools such as Word and PowerPoint, where users may manually adjust various plot and table features to achieve the best visual results in their presentations and official reports. The graphical user interface of R-CMap allows users to define cluster names, change the number of clusters, select rating variables for relevant plots, and importantly, select subsets of respondents by demographic criteria. The latter is particularly useful to project managers in order to identify different patterns of preferences by subpopulations. R-CMap is user-friendly, and does not require any programming experience. However, proficient R users can add to its functionality by directly accessing built-in functions in R and sharing new features with the concept mapping community.     

Kind discipline: Developing a conceptual model of a promising school discipline approach

This formative evaluation develops a novel conceptual model for a discipline approach fostering intrinsic motivation and positive relationships in schools. We used concept mapping to elicit and integrate perspectives on kind discipline from teachers, administrators, and other school staff. Three core themes describing kind discipline emerged from 11 identified clusters: (1) proactively developing a positive school climate, (2) responding to conflict with empathy, accountability, and skill, and (3) supporting staff skills in understanding and sharing expectations. We mapped the identified components of kind discipline onto a social ecological model and found that kind discipline encompasses all levels of that model including the individual, relational, environmental/structural, and even community levels. This contrasts with the dominant individual-behavioral discipline approaches that focus on fewer levels and may not lead to sustained student and staff motivation. The findings illustrate the importance of setting and communicating clear expectations and the need for them to be collaboratively developed. Products of the analysis and synthesis reported here are operationalized materials for teachers grounded in a “be kind” culture code for classrooms.