论恩格斯科学无神论思想及其当代启示

恩格斯科学无神论是19世纪上半叶产生的科学形态的宗教观，其生成和确立过程交织着恩格斯对以往宗教信仰和各种宗教理论的检视性反思。恩格斯科学无神论阐明宗教现象和宗教问题的派生本质即支配着人们日常生活的外部力量在人们头脑中的幻想的反映；确立科学与宗教之间的对立关系，在科学和无神论的一致性上对宗教神秘主义和“唯灵论”进行批判；厘清共产主义与宗教原则区别，为科学社会主义提供了无神论的论证。恩格斯对马克思主义科学无神论的完善发展做出了突出的理论贡献，即对马克思主义科学无神论进行科学化的表述；从不同角度阐明了宗教的演化规律，首次对宗教发展进行细致划分，将马克思主义科学无神论研究引向深入；在宗教与社会主义关系上丰富和发展了马克思主义科学无神论。恩格斯科学无神论对我们今天坚持和发展中国特色社会主义具有重要启示。     

论杨万里的唯物论思想

南宋著名诗人杨万里在哲学上也有极为丰富和精辟的思想。他发挥了柳宗元、张载、王安石等人的唯物论思想 ,丰富和发展了哲学气本论 ,在宇宙观、无神论、辩证法和认识论等方面都有独到的建树 ,在许多方面不仅与程朱的唯心论相对立 ,而且超越了前辈唯物主义哲学家 ,开启了后世哲学家的思路。     

尹湛纳希“佛将世搞空”的反佛思想

尹湛纳希是我国近代儒学北渐文化变迁中出现的无神论思想家,反佛思想是他无神论的重要组成部分。他丰富的反佛思想既贴近现实生活又有深刻的学术性,便于广大民众的理解和掌握。在今天的多元文化相互交融的潮流中,尹湛纳希的反佛思想不仅是值得总结的民族文化遗产,也有不可替代的启蒙作用。     

Habermas's Theological Turn?

Since the turn of the millennium Jürgen Habermas's contributions to social and political theory have been increasingly turning toward matters of religious and theological relevance. This article weighs up the import and coherence of Habermas's recent reflections on religious belief and its relationship to reason and modernity in Western philosophical culture. At the forefront of the analysis stands Habermas's conception of appropriate “limits” and “boundaries” between the domains of knowledge and faith and the possibility and desirability of a process of “discursive translation” of contents of religious language into forms of secularized, universalizing moral argument. The article defends the thesis that Habermas's project of a rapprochement between contents of religious language and norms of scientific thinking founders on its attempt to reconcile too many different, conceptually centrifugal tendencies. However, these difficulties and inconsistencies in Habermas's recent thinking remain instructive and ought to continue to engage the interest of scholars concerned today with the question of how far the philosophy of the social sciences can and cannot accommodate commitments to theism in the practice of research.