论我国技术标准的法律特征及其表现形式

技术标准既是一项很强的技术性工作,也是一项事关国计民生的公共事务管理工作,更是判断诉讼当事人权利义务的一个非常重要的依据。技术标准的特征具有法定性、技术性、行政管理性等属性;其表现形式既包括各种立法和其他抽象行政行为,也包括民商事主体的自律行为和协商行为等多元化形式;同时,技术标准通常也是一种价值判断,是利益关系方博弈的重要领域,因此,其制定和适用要考虑各种利益的平衡与协调。     

《淮南子》人性观新探

《淮南子》人性观包括自然的人性和社会的民性。民性善使哲学层面的人性理论和现实社会联系起来,为理论向政策实践的转化作了铺垫。《淮南子》又提出"节欲"反性"说,完善其关于人性的理论,为其治国理论服务。《淮南子》人性观在现代社会仍有着积极的启示作用。     

农村合作医疗制度的起源及其法律性质分析

农村合作医疗制度起源于中国共产党领导的抗日根据地的卫生合作社。从立法精神、规范设计与制度实践的角度来看,当时的农村合作医疗制度以“为人民群众服务”为目的和宗旨,以互助合作提供医药服务为原则,具有合作社性质。其在强调社会公益性同时,兼顾分红的经营性,体现了新民主主义革命时期中国共产党赋予农村合作医疗制度公益事业和经济组织双重属性的特色。农村合作医疗制度起源时期的制度建设和法律规范,值得我们今天建立和完善新型农村合作医疗制度时加以借鉴。     

决策树算法在反洗钱领域中的应用研究

简要介绍了决策树算法的基本原理,并对这一算法的实际应用进行举例,然后针对洗钱活动的特征,寻找出在反洗钱领域中应用决策树算法的各个属性,最后通过给出一个具体的训练集学习,详细计算了面向账户的反洗钱决策树的生成过程并对其结构进行了优化。     

享乐定价法在房地产中的应用研究

享乐定价法是西方国家房地产研究中的重要方法,它与传统的从供给角度对房地产研究的方法的最大不同,就在于它将房屋看作是由一系列属性构成的异质商品,以消费者效用和偏好作为研究的基础,对房产的定价和消费者从中获得的福利给予了全新的诠释。它有其理论的产生、基础和主要的应用领域、理论模型和房屋属性研究的现状和存在的不足以及对模型的主要计量方法处理及面临的困难等。它对我国房地产市场研究也具有一定的启示作用。     

资本市场会计信息质量特征及披露监管研究

会计信息质量是会计信息披露监管中的关键问题。从探讨资本市场会计信息质量特征和会计信息披露监管入手,分析了我国资本市场会计信息披露存在的问题及其产生的原因,提出了相应的解决问题的政策性建议。     

A Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks (I): Overview and Test Bed Development

Risk ranking offers a potentially powerful means for gathering public input to help set risk-management priorities. In most rankings conducted to date, the categories and attributes used to describe the risks have varied widely, the materials and procedures have not been designed to facilitate comparisons among risks on all important attributes, and the validity and reproducibility of the resulting rankings have not been assessed. To address these needs, a risk-ranking method was developed in which risk experts define and categorize the risks to be ranked, identify the relevant risk attributes, and characterize the risks in a set of standardized risk summary sheets, which are then used by lay or other groups in structured ranking exercises. To evaluate this method, a test bed involving 22 health and safety risks in a fictitious middle school was created. This article provides an overview of the risk-ranking method and describes the challenges faced in designing the middle school test bed. A companion article in this issue reports on the validity of the ranking procedures and the level of agreement among risk managers regarding ranking of risks and attributes.     

流行音乐的社会文化属性

流行音乐作为都市文化的一个种类,它是在都市发展的进程中产生的一种音乐形式,代表了都市人的社会风尚和文化观念,现代工业的发展为流行音乐提供了重要的社会基础:流行音乐的制作、生产和消费都是通过商业化的方式来运作,它必然会带有商品的属性和特征,因此流行音乐的社会文化属性同都市文化、现代工业以及文化产品的商品属性联系在一起。     

Ecological Risk Ranking: Development and Evaluation of a Method for Improving Public Participation in Environmental Decision Making

This article reports an extension of the Carnegie Mellon risk-ranking method to incorporate ecological risks and their attributes. On the basis of earlier risk-perception studies, we identified a set of 20 relevant attributes for describing health, safety, and environmental hazards in standardized risk summary sheets. In a series of three ranking sessions, 23 laypeople ranked 10 such hazards in a fictional Midwestern U.S. county using both holistic and multiattribute ranking procedures. Results were consistent with those from previous studies involving only health and safety hazards, providing additional evidence for the validity of the method and the replicability of the resulting rankings. Holistic and multiattribute risk rankings were reasonably consistent both for individuals and for groups. Participants reported that they were satisfied with the procedures and results, and indicated their support for using the method to advise real-world risk-management decisions. Agreement among participants increased over the course of the exercise, perhaps because the materials and deliberations helped participants to correct their misconceptions and clarify their values. Overall, health and safety attributes were judged more important than environmental attributes. However, the overlap between the importance rankings of these two sets of attributes suggests that some information about environmental impacts is important to participants' judgments in comparative risk-assessment tasks.     

心理社会理论与临床社会工作

心理社会理论把人生发展分为八个阶段,每个阶段都有各自的积极属性和消极属性。精神不健康往往是因为在以前各个发展阶段积累了过多的消极属性,当进入新的发展阶段时,缺乏或根本没有力量适应发展的要求。因此,应该帮助案主努力获得积极属性、避免消极属性。