Psychosocial distress,physical illness,and social behaviour of close relatives to people with substance use disorders

ABSTRACT

This study explores how a family member with substance use disorder (SUD) affects the psychosocial, behavioral, and physical states of other family members. Sixteen in-depth interviews with relatives of Icelandic individuals afflicted with SUD were performed. The interviewees were selected from a pool of Icelandic families whose members included one or more chronic SUD users. They represented different relations to the user (spouses, parents, children, and siblings) and both genders. All participants except for siblings expressed that SUD had negatively affected their mental health by inducing depression, anxiety, and stress-related physical illness. All had experienced physical violence, mental abuse and financial loss. Parents indicated that the SUD of the family member had isolating psychosocial impacts on their children and caused a loss of connection among their family members. All participants, except the siblings, regarded their workplace as a shelter. The study’s findings can help social professionals to better understand the effects of SUD on families, family systems, and public health in general.     

DSM-5 substance use disorders among college-age young adults in the United States: Prevalence,remission and treatment

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence, remission, and treatment associated with DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUDs) among young adults based on college attendance. Participants: The population-based sample included 2,057 young adults aged 19–23 in college/school and 1,213 not currently attending college/school who participated from April 2012 through June 2013. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted as part of a cross-sectional national survey. Results: The prevalence of any past-year DSM-5 SUD was 39.6% among young adults in college and 44.5% among those not attending college. Past-year tobacco use disorder and multiple DSM-5 SUDs were more prevalent among those not attending college. Among those with prior-to-past-year SUDs, abstinent remission was low among college (1.0%) and noncollege (1.9%) young adults. Conclusions: Approximately two in five U.S. college students had at least one past-year DSM-5 SUD. Sustained abstinent remission from SUDs is extremely rare (1–2%) and the majority of those with SUDs do not receive treatment.     

具有周期实系数的2n阶微分算子的谱间隙

研究了具有周期实系数2n阶对称微分算子的谱间隙,得出其间隙是由一些开区间构成的,并给出了这些间隙长度的一个上界.     

Using Instructive Feedback to Increase Response Variability During Intraverbal Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

We evaluated the effects of instructive feedback on the variability of intraverbal responses for two children with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we used an adapted alternating treatments design to compare participants’ novel responses and response combinations during an intraverbal category program across conditions with and without instructive feedback. During instructive feedback, secondary targets were presented during the consequence event of the learning trial and consisted of a therapist’s model of response variability. The results showed that participants engaged in more novel response combinations during instructive feedback conditions. We discussed the clinical implications of these results as well as areas for future research.     

文化失调、组织再造与乡村建设——从梁漱溟《乡村建设理论》论起

梁漱溟先生是20世纪30年代中国乡村建设运动的先行者和践行者,其著作《乡村建设理论》在中西方文化对比的基础上剖析中国文化所遭遇的问题,认为中国旧社会组织构造崩溃的根本原因在于极度的文化失调。梁漱溟先生经过深思熟虑,从乡村组织再造着手,试图通过“乡农学校”这一乡村组织,再造“新文化、新礼俗”,进而在组织中重建乡村社会制度、调整乡村社会关系、以“理性”维持乡村社会秩序,最终达到乡村社会重构之目的。本文期望重新剖析梁漱溟乡村建设理论中“文化失调”“组织再造”和“乡村建设”之间的内在逻辑关系,从整体系统的视角揭示其内在的基本原理,并进一步阐释其乡村建设的主要思想内涵,最后结合当前乡村振兴战略进行充分讨论。     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定FURA

用紫外-可见分光光度法直接测定了FURA的含量,探讨了温度、溶液酸度、表面活性剂及缓冲溶液等因素对FURA吸收光谱的影响。     

认知无线电中的一种协作式频谱礼仪

认知无线电技术可以更有效地利用频谱资源,但是由于其允许多种无线技术共存与竞争,而多种无线技术对频谱资源的无序利用会降低其利用率。因此,该文提出了一种协作式频谱礼仪,其基本思想是认知用户之间共享有用信息,通过有用信息的共享来协调认知用户之间的行为,从而使认知用户能够协调对频谱资源的利用,同时在接入可用频谱资源时遵循一定的规则以避免相互间的碰撞．     

政府帮助民工讨要工资的法经济学分析

以法经济学的分析方法,阐释民工讨薪面临的问题与困境:诉累的客观存在、集体行动的困境、搭便车与巨大的交易成本导致民工自发讨薪的激励不足与高昂的司法成本,这在一定程度上导致社会的动荡;分析了政府帮民工讨薪的合理性:政府的讨薪反映了私权的不足与公权的救济,具有规模经济与公共产品的特征,是效率与公平的有机结合,也是对劳动力市场失灵的规制;最后,从立法、行政、司法和普法方面探讨了民工工资及时支付的长效机制建设。     

宽带信号子空间谱估计修正方法的研究

提出了信号子空间维数估计法、噪声子空间加权法和扩展MUSIC法三种修正的宽带信号子空间谱估计方法,它们均有效地解决了宽带信号子空间谱估计法所存在的信号子空间维数扩展问题。信号子空间维数估计法用包含信号99.9%以上功率的特征值数目来估计信号子空间维数,正确地划分了子空间。噪声子空间加权法和扩展MUSIC法不用划分子空间,而是给噪声子空间特征向量或全空间特征向量加权,减小了子空间维数扩展的影响。仿真实验结果表明:三种修正方法是有效的,并具有良好的统计性能。