Risk as Social Context: Immigration Policy and Autism in California1

Motivated by the dramatic increase in autism diagnoses in recent years, research into risk factors has uncovered substantial variation in autism prevalence by race/ethnicity, SES, and geography. Less studied is the connection between autism diagnosis rates and the social and political context. In this article, we link the temporal pattern of autism diagnosis for Hispanic children in California to state and federal anti‐immigrant policy, particularly ballot initiative Proposition 187, limiting access to public services for undocumented immigrants and their families. Using a population‐level data set of 1992–2003 California births linked to 1992–2006 autism case records, we show that the effects of state and federal policies toward immigrants are visible in the rise and fall of autism risk over time. The common epidemiological practice of estimating risk on pooled samples is thereby shown to obscure patterns and mis‐estimate effect sizes. Finally, we illustrate how spatial variation in Hispanic autism rates reflects differential vulnerability to these policies. This study reveals not only the spillover effects of immigration policy on children’s health, but also the hazards of treating individual attributes like ethnicity as risk factors without regard to the social and political environments that give them salience.     

圣俗之间,声谱之中:再论南侗祭萨仪式中的“哆耶”展演

本文关于祭萨仪式中＂哆耶＂展演的研究,以伦洞侗寨正月祭萨仪式为个案展开,探讨哆耶展演尚未被学界重视的两重性质：圣俗之间与声谱之中。前者暗示着哆耶展演在祭萨仪式中对人神关系与人际关系的双重建构,后者则将哆耶置于整体仪式音声声谱中,以诠释哆耶如何与其他南侗歌谣相呼应作用于祭萨仪式,并成为其中核心音声样式之一。     

无序的狂欢轮回的耻辱--库切和他的《耻》

南非作家库切在<耻>这部作品中以简朴写实而又深刻犀利,不加藻饰而又震撼人心的笔调向读者呈现了后现代世界中人类不同种族之间交往及同种族内部人与人之间交往所面临的种种困境,及人们在困境中所表现出的无序的生活状态.     

自闭症谱系障碍者的视觉注意特点及其应用

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)者在目光接触、面孔表情、身体活动等社交信息的视觉注意方面存在困难,同时也有对局部信息加工、视觉搜索等方面的视觉优势。在ASD康复训练和日常生活管理中,可借助视觉特点辅助ASD者理解日常生活,利用ASD者视觉记忆优势达到教学目标,针对视觉症状帮助ASD者适应社会,扬长避短,从其优势出发更好地帮助ASD者适应社会。     

对大学生网络成瘾的思考

针对目前高校部分大学生网络成瘾的特点及现状,文章客观地分析了其原因,并提出了应采取的对策。     

社会失序的机理探析

从功能视角看,社会失序是社会秩序的整合与控制功能逐渐弱化以至于最终溃散的过程与状态,表现为社会失范、社会冲突、社会解体等3个程度不同的层面。总体看来,社会失序源于社会原有秩序功能逐步弱化和缺失。在社会失序的3个层面,分别贯穿着规则缺失与功能弱化、关系紧张与功能分化、结构瓦解与功能溃散的演化和作用机理。探寻和把握社会失序的机理,对于社会治理有重要的理论和实践意义。     

Biased Mentalizing in Children Aged Seven to 11: Latent Class Confirmation of Response Styles to Social Scenarios and Associations with Psychopathology

A new approach to the measurement of mentalizing is introduced. Instead of measuring the presence or absence of mentalizing capacity, the current study aimed at developing a mentalizing task that focuses on investigating biases in mentalizing through the use of ambiguous peer‐related social scenarios. The response consistency of 659 children was investigated in a community sample of children aged seven to 11. Confirmatory latent class analysis allocated children to three groups on the basis of their responses: an overly positive style (OP), a rational/neutral style (R) or an overly negative style (ON). Children classed as OP showed a greater likelihood of being above cut‐off on a population screen for externalizing disorder. Over a two‐year follow‐up period, the children who were classified as R were most likely to remain so whereas the OP and ON children were found to change group. The results are discussed in the context of social‐cognitive research in this age group. Further studies should examine the external validity of the mentalizing task because the results reported here concern only internal construct validity.     

犯罪学视野下的反社会型人格障碍理论初探

反社会型人格障碍又称为病态人格障碍,它是一类以不顾及他人权利、侵犯他人权利为主要表现的人格障碍类型。由于反社会型人格障碍者实施的犯罪行为较正常人格者实施的犯罪行为相比,更易造成公众的恐慌感,具有极大的社会危害性,因此,对于反社会型人格障碍展开研究,有助于预防此类犯罪的发生,促进社会的和谐进步,极其具有理论和现实意义。本文主要从反社会型人格障碍的主要形成原因、预防对策及矫治方略等几个方面展开初步的研究。     

有组织的无序:合作困境的复杂生成机理

合作困境具有复杂的生成机理,它们在受到各种有序、规则的结构性因素影响的同时,还受到微观行动领域中行动者无序的、充满策略性的、交互行动结构的影响,即"有组织的无序"。缓解政府机构间合作困境的策略,不仅应考虑制度供给、权责划分和个体的理性选择等单边因素,更应考虑多方立体的互动结构。这种多方立体的互动结构,至少取决于四个重要环节:机构间的资源依赖结构、对合作行为的合法性判断、协商性的交换过程以及合作规则的形成过程。