See no evil,hear no evil,speak no evil: assessing complex trauma in young children

Complex trauma generally refers to a child's exposure to multiple traumatic events often within the context of an interpersonal relationship. Childhood traumatic events are commonplace and can have significant implications for physical and mental health. However, traumatic events are often not assessed by clinicians involved in their care. This paper outlines an approach to assessing complex trauma in young children in clinical settings. This approach involves an initial interview, an assessment of traumatic events and trauma symptoms in the child, an assessment of the parent–child interaction, an understanding of the child's functioning in multiple settings, and an assessment of parental trauma where relevant. Complex trauma takes time to assess and is dependent on the parent's ability to recognise and acknowledge the effect trauma has had. The paper concludes with some of the challenges when assessing complex trauma in young children in clinical settings.     

人工智能在孤独症谱系障碍儿童临床诊断中的应用研究综述

近年来，孤独症谱系障碍的发病率不断攀升，但其早期诊断资源仍极为匮乏。随着计算机技术、电子工程学以及统计学 等学科的发展，人工智能（AI）在孤独症的临床诊断中高效率、高准确率、高稳定性的独特优势日益凸显。当前人工智能在孤 独症诊断领域的研究主要集中于孤独症的早期识别、预测、诊断以及人机互动辅助干预研究等四大方面。综述的结果指明，在 未来的人工智能的孤独症诊断应用方面，应明确其辅助性发展定位、完善法律和法规制度、健全信息化数据体系、加强信息化 安全建设、促进便携式设备发展、推动复合型人才培养。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童动作发展障碍研究进展

近年来，动作发展障碍已成为孤独症谱系障碍（Autism spectrum disorder，ASD）儿童的常见症状，不仅给该群体的日常生 活带来困难，而且不利于其社交、语言、认知等其他功能的发展。通过梳理有关孤独症儿童动作发展障碍的研究发现，该障碍 存在较大的异质性。其在孤独症婴儿期表现为动作发育里程碑延迟，在儿童和青少年期表现为姿势控制障碍、动作协调困难、 步态异常和手部动作操作障碍。为更好地分析和改善动作发展障碍，未来研究可考虑对孤独症儿童的动作发展障碍及其影响 因素进行系统性分析，开发针对孤独症儿童的动作发展评估工具，对该障碍进行神经科学研究并设计和实施有效易行的体育 运动干预项目。     

La metafora: the power of metaphors and creative resources in working systemically with families and children with autism—a conversation with Carmine Saccu

Metaphors are valuable tools of expression, which give meaning to situations and allow the spontaneous processing of feelings and emotions. As therapists, we can support clients to develop and create their individual metaphor to explain their own meaning of experiences or communicate their perception of problems. Creativity provides us with a rich landscape to explore, expand, and enrich ourselves as therapists and consequently our clients. As systemic therapists, we are responsible for the co-creation of a human process, which has at its core safety in allowing expression, connection, and movement. Through a respectful and curious approach, we can develop pathways to tap organically into our ‘creative selves’ while reaching into our clients' creativity and selves as catalysts for connection and positive change. Creative resources and therapies have been successfully used in psychotherapy to enhance the mental and emotional well-being of children, particularly children with autism who have limited verbal capacity or who are non-verbal. These children also wish to be understood in expressing their thoughts and feelings; however, they use other methods of communication – sometimes obvious, sometimes not. Therefore, it is important that a therapist can access diverse ways to support the child through this process. The creative use of animals in therapy neutralises spaces, eliciting calm, safety, and healing. This is particularly the case when working with this group of children. This paper is derived from my conversation with an elder statesman of the family therapy profession, Professor Carmine Saccu. He is a jovial master storyteller who craftfully communicates via metaphors. Through creative means, play, and humour, he has developed a remarkably unique way of working with children, especially non-verbal children with autism. He uses his canine, co-therapist Mafalda, as a powerful resource and intervention strategy to safely elicit engagement and connection in the therapeutic space.     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童与普通儿童执行功能比较研究

执行功能是个体在设定目标、制定计划并实施过程中所需的一系列高级认知功能，对孤独症儿童的发展具有重要影响。 本研究选取了32名孤独症儿童和与之年龄、性别、智商相匹配的32名普通儿童，由其父母填写学前儿童执行功能评定问卷，评 估孤独症儿童和普通儿童的执行功能表现。结果发现，孤独症儿童在执行功能的抑制自我调控、认知灵活性和元认知三个维 度上的得分显著高于普通儿童，表明孤独症儿童在执行功能三大维度上的能力均显著低于普通儿童。研究证明了孤独症儿童 存在执行功能的缺陷，并明确了其与普通儿童在各维度各因子之间的具体差异。未来应重视将执行功能作为孤独症早期筛查 指标、细化孤独症儿童执行功能发展的干预维度、优化孤独症儿童执行功能的早期干预方案。     

The impact of perinatal healthcare changes on birth trauma during COVID-19

BackgroundSince the onset of COVID-19, giving birth has involved navigating unprecedented healthcare changes that could significantly impact the psychological birth experience.AimResearch has demonstrated increasing rates of birth trauma and birth plan alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study specifically examined these intersecting experiences to understand how COVID-related healthcare changes have impacted birth trauma during the pandemic.Methods269 people who gave birth in the U.S. during COVID-19 completed an online survey between November, 2020-May, 2021 which included questions about COVID-related perinatal healthcare changes and birth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; The City Birth Trauma Scale). T-tests were run on birth demographics to assess for significant indicators of PTSD; variables having significant effects were used to build a hierarchical regression model to predict PTSD symptoms.Findings5.9% of the sample met criteria for PTSD and 72.3% met partial criteria. The overall regression model predicted approximately 19% of variance in total PTSD symptoms. Labor and birth demographics were entered in Step 1 and predicted approximately 11% of variance: limited length of stay for support person, being allowed 1 support person who had to be the same, and mask requirements were significant predictors of PTSD. Variables related to birth plan changes were entered in Step 2 and predicted approximately 8% of variance: changes to support person(s) for labor and birth, breastfeeding plans, and birth location were significant predictors of PTSD.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates the importance of COVID-related perinatal healthcare changes to the development of trauma symptoms following childbirth.     

基于滚动时间窗的碳市场价格分解集成预测研究

提高碳市场价格预测准确性对于交易风险监测以及碳市场平稳发展具有重要价值。针对复杂的、非线性碳市场价格数据的短期预测误差偏大、分解过程易产生数据泄露问题，提出了基于滚动时间窗的SSA-SVR分解集成预测框架。首先，选取时间窗数据，继而借助奇异谱分析将时间窗内碳价序列分解重构为高、低频序列；然后，使用支持向量回归方法对高、低频序列分别进行预测；最后，加和集成预测结果，得到下一时刻的碳市场价格预测值。通过不断更新时间窗的数据内容，动态执行“分解-预测-集成”过程，实现碳市场价格的实时预测。研究结果表明，本文所提出框架表现出优异且稳定的预测性能，在碳市场价格预测研究中具有良好的适用性和有效性。     

当代大学生心理问题探究

大学生是民族栋梁、国家未来,他们的健康成长不单维系着家庭幸福、人民期望,更直接关系着社会安定、国家兴衰。文章紧扣大学生心理健康主题,从发现问题、提出问题、探讨问题、解决问题入手并针对问题进行相关研究;从社会学、心理学、心理健康教育、全民精神卫生理念、探索矫正心理问题等方面去展开阐述与论证。突出了教育工作者的职能与大学生心理问题研究的紧迫性与重要性。旨在呼吁社会学家、心理学家、教育家、医学家以及全社会关心重视大学生心理健康教育问题。     

‘It's rewarding because I get the love’: Grandparents raising grandchildren with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder

The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of grandparents raising their grandchildren with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Specifically, we sought to identify how caregivers make meaning of their experience, what challenges are faced by grandparents while raising a second generation and what positive experiences are encountered. Ten grandparents raising a child with FASD in Ontario, Canada, participated in semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the interviews to determine reoccurring themes. Three main themes were identified: (i) challenges when raising a grandchild with FASD, including kinship adoption struggles and intergenerational issues; (ii) worries about the future, including financial planning and health concerns; and (iii) rewards, such as shifts in priorities and the opportunity to raise a second generation. Grandparents raising their grandchildren with FASD face challenges and thus require specific supports so that they may adequately provide a safe and nurturing home environment for children with often challenging learning and social needs.     

Bayesian modelling of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child cognition based on data from multiple cohorts

High levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) result in significant cognitive deficits in children, but the exact nature of the dose-response relationship is less well understood. To investigate this relationship, data were assembled from six longitudinal birth cohort studies examining the effects of PAE on cognitive outcomes from early school age through adolescence. Structural equation models (SEMs) are a natural approach to consider, because of the way they conceptualise multiple observed outcomes as relating to an underlying latent variable of interest, which can then be modelled as a function of exposure and other predictors of interest. However, conventional SEMs could not be fitted in this context because slightly different outcome measures were used in the six studies. In this paper we propose a multi-group Bayesian SEM that maps the unobserved cognition variable to a broad range of observed outcomes. The relation between these variables and PAE is then examined while controlling for potential confounders via propensity score adjustment. By examining different possible dose-response functions, the proposed framework is used to investigate whether there is a threshold PAE level that results in minimal cognitive deficit.