电子代理人若干法律问题研究

电子代理人即《国际合同使用电子通信公约》中的自动电文系统，其并非法律主体，只是电子订约的工具或手段。自动电文系统订立的合同归属于自动电文系统的使用人，立法不应因没有人的事先审查而否定其法律效力。《公约》关于电子通信错误的规定突破了合同法的公认观点。我国应对自动电文系统及其法律效力等进行立法。     

题库系统智能成卷理论和组卷方法研究

分析了组卷目标要求,建立了智能组卷系统问题求解的理论模型。结合组卷问题求解领域知识与专家选题思想,提出了一种基于自适应混合进化机制的智能组卷方法,采用了基于题型的分段编码、段内进化算子、误差加权适应度评估方法。通过实例分析,实验结果表明所提出的新组卷方法具有组卷成功率高和组卷速度快的优点。     

全自动装箱机机械式抓头的仿真研究

针对现有抓头机构不能实现异型瓶自动化装箱,提出设计一种能满足异型瓶装箱要求的机械式抓头部件。文中 结合抓头的工艺要求,设计了机械式抓头,并对机械式抓头进行静态和动态条件下的仿真分析,研究机械式抓头能否成 功抓取异型瓶以及机械式抓头加速上升产生的惯性力对抓瓶过程的影响。仿真分析结果表明机械式抓头能够完成异型 瓶的装箱动作且惯性力对抓瓶过程没有影响。该设计增添了瓶子自动装箱的种类,具有较高的应用价值。     

挖掘机械柴油发动机油门节能控制系统研究

对挖掘机械发动机油门节能控制系统进行了分析，提出了总体设计方案，建立了系统控制模型，进行了控制策略和MATLAB环境下的数字仿真研究。设计了以C8051F020微处理器为核心的节能控制系统，并给出了硬件电路设计框图和软件主程序设计流程框图。经使用证明，该系统操作简便，性能可靠，平均节油率2.5%~4.5%。适用于所有国产和进口挖掘机柴油发动机安装使用，前景广阔     

Social Empathy as a Framework for Adolescent Empowerment

ABSTRACT

Adolescent empowerment has been used to develop programs addressing a variety of issues that put young people at risk. Empowerment has been associated with positive outcomes in youth, including increases in resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and civic engagement. This article reviews a selection of applications of empowerment with adolescents to identify how the concept is defined, applied, and measured. Key challenges to implementing adolescent empowerment programs are identified. Based on the review, social empathy is proposed as a framework for adolescent empowerment program developers. Using social empathy as a framework allows for consistency in definition and flexibility in application to apply to diverse groups of youth in various settings. A social empathy framework also establishes key outcomes that can be measured to ensure program effectiveness. By employing social empathy as a framework, service providers can draw on the value that empowerment, both as a process and an outcome, brings to their work with adolescents.     

Federal Welfare and Housing Policy at the Crossroads

Abstract

A time-series design was used to investigate an innovative, rent incentive-based employment initiative in a predominantly African American public housing community. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of the Welfare-to-Work (W-t-W) program on resident employment levels and on Public Housing Authority (PHA) revenues and costs. Data were collected on a purposive sample of heads of household (N = 313) representing 78.3% of those in the community. Over half of the residents were under 17 years of age, followed by 24.7% who were 18-34, and 15.5% who were 35-54 years of age. Mean annual income for most participants was less than $5,000, and 60% were welfare reliant. Fifty-six percent of the participants in the study (N = 179) received monthly rent credits (discounts) ranging from $23 to $333 (m = $87, s.d. = $38.60). Employment levels in the community increased considerably over the study period and the W-t-W initiative was cost-effective to the PHA. Implications are discussed regarding advantages and limitations of intersected federal welfare and housing policies, the need for formative, evidence-based assessments of W-t-W programs, and the achievement of economic self-sufficiency of public housing residents.     

当代德国高专的发展特色及其启示

德国高专自建立起就牢记使命，面向地方，服务区域，坚守特色。而我国高职教育发展至今，仍存在特色不明之弊。德国高专准确定位、立足地方、服务区域、校企合作、工学结合、师资优化，走特色发展之路为我国高职教育摆脱现实困境打开了新的思路。     

Ethnicity and Aging

No abstract available for this article.     

Violence in the Black Church

Abstract

Violence in the Black Church is an issue that is frequently discussed in quiet corners, mainly among church devotees. This article argues that the Black Church is the backbone of the Black community. Moreover, if it becomes secularized, and ensnared with disruptive factionalism, its role may be significantly diminished. Faith-based programs, school vouchers, the role of women in the church, and ministerial behaviors are among the structural issues giving rise to violence in the Black Church. The paper draws on many sources of data, and is interpreted within the theoretical framework of a systems perspective.