A note on biasedness of tests of fit

The problem of testing a simple null hypothesis on multinomial distribution is considered. Biasedness of customarily used tests of fit is proved for unequal cell probabilities case.     

Independent living programs for young people leaving the care system: The state of the evidence

A substantial body of evidence suggests that young people leaving public care systems are at increased risk for low educational attainment, unemployment, homelessness, physical and mental health difficulties, dependency on public assistance, and involvement with the criminal justice system. Independent living programs (ILPs), which incorporate life skills and personal development, are one strategy frequently used to improve outcomes for young people leaving care. However, the effectiveness of ILPs remains unknown. This paper systematically reviews the current evidence for ILPs, summarizing all controlled comparisons designed to evaluate their effectiveness. Reviewers were unable to find any randomized controlled trial evaluating ILPs, but the results of eight non-randomized controlled studies suggest that some ILPs may have protective effects for youth leaving the public care system. These trends were observed for outcomes related to educational attainment, employment, housing, health, and other life skills; nevertheless, the weak methodological quality of the evidence tempers the validity and generalizability of these conclusions. Further research utilizing random assignment of participants is imperative in order to draw reliable conclusions for policy and practice.     

Being Volunteered? The Impact of Social Participation and Pro-Social Attitudes on Volunteering

While disagreeing over the reasons why the performance of civic obligations seems to be declining, conservatives and liberals agree that people need to be reminded of their duties as citizens for this decline to be halted. But do these exhortations work? This paper tests two theories about how people become volunteers. The “normativist” perspective assumes that volunteer behavior flows from socialization into pro-social attitudes; the “social practice” perspective stresses the formative role of practical experiences and social participation. Using a panel study of high school seniors who were reinterviewed in their mid-20s and again in their early 30s, we show that volunteer work undertaken in high school has long-term benefits as does social participation more generally but that socialization into pro-social attitudes has an even stronger influence on volunteering in middle age. The implications of our study are that mandatory community service programs can boost later volunteer efforts but that socialization into appropriate citizenship attitudes is of equal, if not greater, importance.

     

Workfare Programs

Abstract

Workfare initially originated as an approach to guide welfare recipients towards self-sufficiency. Today, the same strategy is being utilized as a desperate means by the States to move welfare recipients into the workforce in order not to suffer further cuts in federal assistance.

This paper reviews many of the common barriers which participants experience as they attempt to move from being welfare recipients to employees. In addition, it presents effective workfare programs, identifies critically needed support services for workfare participants, and suggests policy recommendations for the future.     

互补约束问题的部分增广Lagrange罚函数方法及其收敛性分析

本文受文献[3]的启发,对一般互补约束问题,提出了一种部分增广Lagrange罚函数法,该方法仅把较难处理的互补约束条件作了惩罚对象。通过改进的证明方法,比文献[3]所采用条件更弱的条件下,即假设在相应的罚问题对应的拉格朗日函数的Hesse矩阵在其切平面上关于α下有界的条件下,得到了算法所产生的迭代序列收敛到原互补约束问题的一个B-稳定点的收敛性结果。     

从《非常靠谱》看文化类节目的发展之路

《非常靠谱》是湖南卫视2011年初推出的一档由汪涵主持的高端文化脱口秀节目,该节目一改以往文化类节目的传统模式,将文化、娱乐、明星、大众融合在一起,不仅为中国姓氏提供了展现魅力的平台,也为文化类节目开辟了新的发展道路。     

A Note on the Geometric Representation of the Correlation Coefficients

Four widely used statistical program packages—BMDP, SPSS, DATATEXT, and OSIRIS—were compared for computational accuracy on sample means, standard deviations, and correlations. Only one, BMDP, was not seriously inaccurate in calculations on a data set of three observations. Further, SPSS computed inaccurate statistics in a discriminant analysis on a real data set of 848 observations. It is recommended that the desk calculator algorithm, found in most of these programs, not be used in packages which may run on short word length machines.     

多进制LDPC码混合重传联合设计与性能分析

以下一代数字卫星战术数据链通信系统为背景,研究了低复杂度、简单实用多进制低密度校验(LDPC)码与混合自动请求重传(HARQ)技术的联合优化,并且与传统的二进制LDPC码HARQ方案进行了误帧率和吞吐量性能比较。基于C 的链路级仿真结果表明,多进制LDPC码HARQ技术能提供明显的性能改善,尤其是包合并和部分增益型HARQ。此外,多进制LDPC码HARQ在复杂度增加不大的情况下,可提供比二进制LDPC码HARQ更可观的性能增益。     

电视谈话节目前景分析

电视谈话节目自20世纪90年代在中国盛行以来,已走过了十几年的历程,它是否还风采如故?抑或已步入消沉?文章从谈话节目的现状入手,指出谈话节目固有的优势依然存在,在今后较长的一段时间里仍是我国电视节目的重要形态,但竞争必将更加激烈,最终优胜劣汰。