Family planning program effects on contraceptive use in Morocco, 1992–1995

This study illustrates the use of panel data and a fixed-effects estimator to investigate the impact of family planning program inputs on contraceptive utilization in Morocco during the 1992–1995 period. By controlling the potential bias resulting from common unobserved determinants of program resource allocation decisions and program outcomes, the methodology helps overcome an important constraint to the use of non-experimental study designs in undertaking meaningful impact assessments. Data from a panel of women interviewed in both the 1992 and 1995 Morocco Demographic and Health Surveys were used in the study, along with program data from Service Availability Modules undertaken in conjunction with each survey round. The results indicate that changes in the family planning supply environment, in particular increased presence of nurses trained in family planning and the level of infrastructure at public clinics, played a significant role in the increased use of modern contraceptives during the study period.     

基于AD与TRIZ组合的产品概念创新设计方法研究

公理设计（Axiomatic Design,AD）和发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)为产品概念创新设计提供方法和理论依据。以 概念设计为研究对象,利用TRIZ指导完成AD中的功能一结构映射,得出设计矩阵;若不满足独立公理,又用TRIZ中的 技术法则将AD中的耦合问题转换成TRIZ的标准参数,用TRIZ工具消除耦合,使其满足独立公理,建立基于AD与 TRIZ组合的产品概念创新设计方法。最后,将其运用于自动切片机的设计和改进。该设计方法可优化产品概念设计流 程,缩短设计周期。     

自动驾驶汽车交通肇事刑事责任新论

自动驾驶汽车是指在没有驾驶员操作的情形下，能够自主、安全地行驶车辆。对其交通肇事后刑事责任的分析应当区分为纯自动驾驶和有条件自动驾驶两种情形。纯自动驾驶汽车交通肇事后，基于“成本收益”的考量，不应当由车辆本身作为刑事责任主体，但由于此时的驾驶者相当于乘客的角色，自始不参与车辆操作，故而设计者成为责任主体，对于肇事行为与结果之间的因果关系宜采用“可能性”的概率论。有条件自动驾驶汽车交通肇事后由驾驶者作为主要的责任人，依据“合法则条件说”对肇事结果承担罪责，设计者、生产者或销售者依其预见可能性，在可能的范围内承担产品过失的罪责。     

第三方物流的契约经济理论分析

第三方物流亦称契约物流,基本具备了契约的所有属性与特征。同其他契约一样,物流契约同样具有不完全性,这就使得物流契约当事人之间在利益分配中就存在一定的“剩余”,从而导致一系列问题的产生。如何处理这一“剩余”,是物流契约(物流外包)中的重要问题,并会导致相应交易费用的产生。为减少相关交易费用,半结合(联盟)就成为一个重要解决方案。此外,制定合理的激励机制,设计自动实施物流契约,是促进第三方物流发展的重要途径。     

零售业回报计划感知价值对客户忠诚的影响

以零售业为背景,将回报计划感知价值作为态度忠诚(信任和承诺)和行为忠诚(重复购买意图、正面口碑意图及合作意图)的主要影响因素,建立了概念模型并用结构方程模型方法检验,结果表明:回报计划感知价值与态度忠诚呈显著的正相关关系;回报计划感知价值与行为忠诚中的重复购买意图呈显著的正相关关系,而与合作意图及口碑意图并无直接关系.     

带有回报计划的超市DCRM模型构建与实证分析

通过对忠诚计划模型的修正,以回报计划的回报率、回报极限、计划的时间范围及营销组合策略为主要变量,提出了带有回报计划的动态客户关系管理的模型。将该模型用于某超市的客户数据库中,发现模型的结果对这类客户是适用的,并给出了不同的客户状态空间对应的最优营销组合策略。结果表明:合适的回报计划可以促进客户的购买、提高公司的利润及缓解价格竞争。回报极限应该比客户的平均购买水平偏高,回报率应该与回报极限的改变方向一致,计划的时间范围应定在一年左右比较合适。对于累积购买水平较高的客户一般不邮寄商品信息。在回报计划的初期与末期不用打折,中期对那些购买次数很少的客户可以实行相应的降价策略。     

Students in out-of-home care: Their experiences of Transforming Educational Achievement for Children at Risk,an Australian education programme

Children living in out-of-home care are at greater risk of poor educational outcomes compared to other children. To address their educational needs, several programs have been developed. Within a qualitative paradigm, this study explored the experiences of students about their involvement in TEACHaR (Transforming Educational Achievement for Children at Risk), a specialized education programme. Eight students (aged 13 to 18 years) from the programme participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Responses were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Participants indicated that the programme provided individualized and flexible academic support, reduced their shame and embarrassment and provided them with more than academic support. They highlighted the importance of the student–educator relationship, and the need for encouragement and motivation to pursue their educational goals. Finally, findings report on how COVID-19 impacts on student experiences of the programme. Recommendations for the development and improvement of education programs for students in out-of-home care conclude this paper.     

The rise of market-based “choice” programs: 100 years of social sorting in social welfare services

Social service programs in the United States increasingly focus on giving individuals and families more “choices.” The approach is exemplified by “choice programs,” where people receive services through various forms of market participation. Examples of choice programs include defined contribution retirement plans, housing vouchers, charter schools, and health insurance marketplaces. Individuals across the socioeconomic spectrum have become accustomed to choice programs, and one's social status greatly affects the types, qualities, and prices of services people receive. The importance of the conversation around choice programs for providing access to resources is immense. Yet, despite contentious debate about their utility, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the institutionalization and widespread adoption of choice programs across a diverse range of social service domains. This article synthesizes stratification literature on retirement, healthcare, education, and housing to document the historical rise of choice programs. Particular attention is given to explaining how behavioral patterns and routines become second nature, altering who benefits, who is left out, and the overall effectiveness of the social welfare system.     

学术生态环境研究及治理设计——以科研评价和项目自动评价为例

以科研评价和项目自动评价为基础，研究和治理学术生态环境成为亟待解决的问题。综合运用哲学、社会学、政治、经济学、AI等多学科研究方法研究学术生态环境污染和破坏，得出其根源在于非学术共同体冗员的隐型入侵、无效的学术、秩序的破坏（数字道德的缺失、人的价值和信任系统的破坏）、知识壁垒。提出学术生态环境、“新中产阶层”定义，以及通过项目自动评价智能平台构建和社会职能设计、学术建制重塑，利用项目自动评价进行学术生态环境治理。     

宝钢N2炼钢与焦化工程给水系统节能技术改造

讨论了宝钢Ｎ２炼钢煤气冷却高压给水流量调节系统的控制过程，通过自动回流阀组系统动态特性试验研究，并根据企业多英节能技术改造实践和现场长期运行使用情况，分析了自动回流阀组系统的开发应用前景及其社会经济效益。