Binary discrimination methods for high-dimensional data with a geometric representation

Four binary discrimination methods are studied in the context of high-dimension, low sample size data with an asymptotic geometric representation, when the dimension increases while the sample sizes of the classes are fixed. We show that the methods support vector machine, mean difference, distance-weighted discrimination, and maximal data piling have the same asymptotic behavior as the dimension increases. We study the consistent, inconsistent, and strongly inconsistent cases in terms of angles between the normal vectors of the separating hyperplanes of the methods and the optimal direction for classification. A simulation study is done to assess the theoretical results.     

智能网联汽车体系结构与关键技术

智能网联汽车（Intelligent connected vehicles,ICV）是无人驾驶技术的核心载体,产业链长,市场巨大,吸引了国内外众多汽车厂商和信息企业都纷纷投向ICV的研发与测试,部分ICV车型已进入量产阶段,新的概念车型也陆续提出。针对新型ICV的发展现状与关键技术,从ICV智能化和网联化两个维度对ICV中涉及到的相关技术进行分析,进一步从信息处理的感知层、决策层、控制层3个层次构建了ICV发展过程中的关键技术体系结构。研究表明,车辆环境感知和通信技术技术涵盖自车状态和外部环境,短程通信技术（DSRC）、机器视觉和激光雷达技术是实现车辆环境信息采集功能完善的关键;车路协同系统涉及车—车通信、车—路通信、车—云通信,协同智能交通系统、云平台和大数据技术是车路协同技术的关键;驾驶辅助技术包括自适应巡航控制系统、车道偏离/避免系统、碰撞预警/避免系统等8个构成,这是辅助驾驶、部分自动驾驶和有条件的自动驾驶3个智能化阶段中的关键;具有自主学习、自我决策的人工智能技术和信息安全技术也是智能网联汽车的关键技术,在此基础上,还应该实现多种技术间的相互支撑与融合,克服关键技术协同障碍,才能实现ICV的市场推广与普及应用。     

基于支持向量机的股市风格轮换策略研究

作为一种增加潜在收益的工具,风格轮换策略已经成为广为接受的金融投资策略.通过对几种常见的风格轮换模型进行比较,采取支持向量机分别建立规模溢价和价值溢价的预测模型,根据预测结果形成规模风格和价值/成长风格轮换策略,并检验这种积极风格轮换策略在中国股市的有效性.研究结果表明,中国股市存在显著的价值溢价,规模风格轮换策略业绩显著优于消极持有小盘股策略和市场收益,适合采取规模风格轮换策略进行短期投资;消极持有价值股的投资策略业绩显著优于规模风格轮换的投资策略,这暗示在长期投资上更适合采取买入并持有价值股的消极风格投资策略.     

用数值模拟方法研究气井产量递减

运用数值模拟软件的单井模拟器,建立了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井产量递减的单井模型,得到了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井的产量递减数据。根据这些产量递减数据,由两种产量递减自动拟合模型分别计算了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井的产量递减参数、地层物性参数(k_gh、k_g/Φ)及地质储量。为了提高计算精度,采用根据拟稳态的产量递减数据(去掉不稳定的递减数据)来反求地层参数和地质储量,并根据自动拟合模型的检验标准对计算结果进行了检验。结果表明,由两种产量递减自动拟合模型计算的产量递减参数和地质储量与数值模拟的计算结果非常吻合,再次证明了这两种产量递减模型的适用性。     

基于支持向量机模型的北京市能源需求预测研究

北京市能源需求系统具有非线性、历史数据较少而影响因素众多等复杂特征, 而支持向量机模型在解决小样本、非线性及高维模式识别问题方面具有突出优势。为此, 引入支持向量机模型对北京市1978-2010年能源需求进行建模, 并据此对2012-2020年能源需求量进行预测。结果表明:支持向量机模型能有效拟合北京市能源需求系统的复杂变化趋势, 比其他传统方法有更高的预测精度。研究发现, 2012-2020年北京市能源需求量逐年增加, 年均增速2.75%;另外, 北京市能源需求的增速在“十三五”期间会比“十二五”期间略有趋缓。     

基于规则的英语名词短语结构自动识别研究

名词短语是英语句子的核心组成部分,然而不同名词短语类型的结构用法及其在句子中成分的复杂性一直困扰着英语的机器识别技术。本文以人民日报语料库（1998年）为基础,探讨了基于规则的英语名词短语结构用法、搭配中心词归类算法、词性与语义搭配模式抽取算法,揭示了名词短语类型与其在句子中所作成分的关系,明显地提高了名词短语识别精度。     

Dual effects of ‘losses disguised as wins’ and near-misses in a slot machine game

Individually, both near-misses and losses disguised as wins (LDWs) have been seen to exert pro-motivational effects on gambling. However, it is not clear whether both structural characteristics are effective within the same game. Participants (n = 40) played a slot machine simulation. The simulation delivered near-misses, wins and ‘full-misses’. Half the participants also received LDWs that occurred independently of the outcomes on the payline. Valence and motivation ratings were collected after each round. Results showed that the LDW group reported increased valence ratings compared to the no-LDW group. Within the LDW group, trials with LDWs also resulted in increased enjoyment compared to trials without LDWs. We distinguished near-misses falling either side of the payline. Near-misses before the payline (NMB) were rated as more motivational than near-misses after the payline (NMA), whereas NMAs were rated as more aversive than NMBs. These differences between the two near-miss types were exacerbated by LDWs. Results demonstrate LDWs increase the trial-by-trial enjoyment of non-win outcomes. The motivational and hedonic effects of near-misses differed for events either side of the payline, and these differences were exaggerated by the presence of LDWs. Thus, near-misses can retain their effectiveness in complex forms of gambling that also deliver LDWs.     

清代中前期的民间刻书及其文化贡献

清代中前期是我国民间刻书的巅峰时期,形成了以江苏、浙江、安徽和北京为代表的四大刻书中心。私宅刻书的内容主要集中于名人学者的自撰著作、前贤诗文、校勘考据类著作和巨室大族的谱牒;坊肆刻书的内容主要集中于文教科举、日常生活、诗文选本和宗教迷信类著作。其文化贡献主要体现在禆益于文化典籍的整理,文化教育的普及,国民素质的提高,文化生活的丰富,校勘辑佚的繁盛以及辑佚学、校勘学和目录学理论的成型与提升。     

Harm Reduction and Electronic Gambling Machines: Does this Pair Make a Happy Couple or is Divorce Foreseen?

Recent empirical studies have evaluated if modifying electronic gambling machine (EGM) structural features could encourage safer gambling behaviors and decrease gambling-related problems. Several of these studies refer to Harm Reduction (HR), suggesting that the HR paradigm is useful to design, implement and test the efficacy of various prevention and treatment programs applied to EGM users. After reviewing the origins of HR and specifying its operational definition, this paper discusses the relevance of the HR framework for the study of measures related to EGM use and gambling in general. Examples are given to illustrate the arguments. The results show that HR has been over-inclusive in the field of gambling. A specific and operational definition and application of the HR framework is required for HR to be useful for the advancement of research in the gambling field. Disclosure: At the time of the study, Michael Cantinotti held a scholarship from the Loterie Romande (public-benefit lottery in Switzerland) for his doctoral studies. This study was funded by the Fonds pour la prévention et le traitement du jeu of the Fondation de l’Université Laval. During the study, the Centre québécois d’excellence pour la prévention et le traitement du jeu received financial support from the Ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Québec, the Fonds Québécois de la Recherche pour la Santé et la Culture, Loto-Québec, the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Center, and Harrah’s Operating Funds.