元认知理论、作用及其能力的培养

元认知是对认知的认知,在教育、语言领域中有着广泛、深刻的影响.本文概述了元认知理论,它包括三个组成部分:元认知知识、元认知体验、元认知监控.并讨论了元认知在外语自主学习中的作用,及如何培养元认知能力来促进学习者的自主学习能力,有效提高学习效率,以达到教育要求.     

关注公民公平感——我国部分公民公平感调查报告

对我国部分普通民众进行的"公民公平感"问卷调查表明,人们在司法、医疗、住房、就业、教育、尊重和户籍制度等问题上,通过比较自己与他人、过去与现在、地区间与行业间,都对社会有着基本的认同与公平感受以及较强的纳税意愿。调查结果显示,在引起不公平感的诸多社会现象中,人们对普通百姓看不起大病重病、贫富差距拉大和普通百姓买不起房三大问题意见集中,并把对抗大病风险的医疗保障、缩小贫富差距和调控房价等方面的责任与期望赋予了政府。     

当代中国网络民族主义的社会政治功能透视

网络民族主义之所以勃兴,是与当代中国社会的深刻变化以及其它社会环境因素的综合效应紧密关联的;它非但以其崭新形态饱受关注,而且对当下社会生活的影响日益显著,并且非自觉地成为我国社会主义民主政治建设的推动力量,它尤其在促进公民意识生成、扩大民众政治参与和推动市民社会建构等层面上发挥了独特作用。     

What types of occupations are women entering? : Determinants of changes in female representation: 1970–2000

Although a consistent body of research has demonstrated that occupational segregation is highly consequential for women's economic standing, we know little about the processes that contribute to changes in levels of sex segregation. In this study, we examine those factors that contribute to changes in the percent of women in detailed occupational categories in the United States. Since we are most concerned with the economic consequences of this type of segregation, we analyze a group of high-paying, male-dominated occupations that, if better integrated, would contribute most to earnings equality. We find that occupations to which relatively high percentages of women aspired and occupations that are growing have been experiencing above-average increases in the percentage of women, while occupations characterized by male-stereotyped task profiles have been witnessing below-average increases. Additionally, our results suggest the presence of a ceiling effect: it is easier for women to break into male-dominated occupations initially than to sustain growth. Our analysis suggests that both supply and demand-side explanations provide insight into the processes contributing to increases in the occupations that we examine, although it can be very difficult to distinguish between supply and demand-side elements; indeed they may occur simultaneously.     

Negotiated identities: Male migration and left-behind wives in India

This paper examines the impact of husbands’ migration on the lives of women left behind. Using data from the India Human Development Survey 2005, we focus on two dimensions of women’s lives: women’s autonomy and control over their lives; and women’s labour force participation. Results suggest that household structure forms the key mediating factor through which husbands’ absence affects women. Women not residing in extended families are faced with both higher levels of responsibilities and greater autonomy, while women who live in extended households do not experience these demands or benefits.     

和谐社会公民政治参与权的法治保障

公民政治参与权是指公民依法享有的由宪法和法律确认,受宪法和法律保障和限制,通过一定方式参与国家政治活动,并影响国家政治构成、决策、进程、结果,而不受他人非法干涉、侵犯和剥夺的权利。我国已形成保障公民政治参与权的法律制度,但也存在一些不足。进一步加强社会主义法治建设,对扩大公民有序政治参与,保障人民当家作主,建设法治国家,构建和谐社会都具有十分重要意义。     

农民工有序政治参与的现实意义及路径选择

扩大农民工有序政治参与,是促进城乡社会稳定和谐、推动基层民主发展、加快依法治国进程、解决三农问题和推动城市化进程的需要。从本质上讲,农民工的政治参与问题也是人的发展问题。解决农民工的政治参与问题,应从制度建设和人的发展角度入手,其中最重要的是建立健全农民工社会融入的相关制度,改革和拓宽农民工政治参与的渠道。此外,也要倡导平等观念,加强农民工的素质培训和制定向农民工倾斜的扶持政策,为农民工有序政治参与扫清障碍,搭建平台。     

村民自治与农村政治发展

建立健全村民自治组织,推动农村政治发展,是中国政治发展的关键之一。政治民主、政治参与、政治秩序等作为农村政治发展的内容,是村民自治的内在价值追求。作为非国家形态的民主,村民自治的建立是社会主义政治文明的象征和标志,是社会主义民主政治的生长点。它标志着政治现代化的一种政治参与,旨在维护农村的社会秩序进而维护中国政治秩序的良性发展。     

Gender differences in labour market integration trajectories of recently arrived migrants in the Netherlands

This study investigates gender differences in recently arrived migrants’ labour market activity and occupational status both shortly after arrival and with increasing length of stay. We examine the role of education, household composition and traditional gender role values by estimating multi-group multilevel models based on three waves of the New Immigrants to the Netherlands Survey. In line with findings regarding gender gaps in labour market behaviour, recent female migrants are less active on labour market than their male counterparts, and we observe a clear motherhood penalty and fatherhood premium on the number of hours worked. Men and women show only marginal differences in their occupational statuses. Changes over time do not differ between men and women, indicating persistent gender inequality in labour market attainment. Moreover, interesting differences between the nationalities were found. Polish migrants show the highest activity levels and lowest occupational status, also when compared to Bulgarians. Spanish migrants hold the highest occupational statuses. Recent Turkish migrants seem to be better integrated and show fewer gender differences than the more established Turkish minority in the Netherlands.     

Incorporating human sexuality content into a positive youth development framework: Implications for community prevention

As approaches to positive youth development (PYD) gain momentum, the issue of sexuality – a critical component of human development – is being subsumed by ideological debates. In the current political climate, sexuality education is often relegated to biological and/or values-based approaches, neglecting essential relational and collective aspects of sexuality. Through the explication of sexuality as an important component of youth's social ecology, this paper provides a conceptual link between the goals of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States' (SIECUS) Guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education and those of PYD. We argue that sexuality, as a normative part of human development, culture, identity, and relationships, be approached from an asset-based perspective, rather than a deficit-based perspective. We propose a framework that illustrates how aspects of sexuality are embedded within PYD contexts, and demonstrates how a sexuality education program rooted in SIECUS guidelines can further PYD goals across community contexts.