农村妇女参政权益及其法律保障

对“农村妇女权益调查”的统计分析发现,我国农村仍存在妇女参与村民自治的积极性不高、权利意识较淡薄且从众心理较强、农村群众普遍不认同女性的管理能力等问题。为发展农村基层民主。保障我国农村妇女参政权益,应在相关法律中增加女性候选人及女性代表的具体比例以及补选措施等相关规定,补充规定各级妇女联合会对妇女参政的监督机制,增补对妇女参政比例的保障监督机制。     

和谐社会公民政治参与权的法治保障

公民政治参与权是指公民依法享有的由宪法和法律确认,受宪法和法律保障和限制,通过一定方式参与国家政治活动,并影响国家政治构成、决策、进程、结果,而不受他人非法干涉、侵犯和剥夺的权利。我国已形成保障公民政治参与权的法律制度,但也存在一些不足。进一步加强社会主义法治建设,对扩大公民有序政治参与,保障人民当家作主,建设法治国家,构建和谐社会都具有十分重要意义。     

农民工有序政治参与的现实意义及路径选择

扩大农民工有序政治参与,是促进城乡社会稳定和谐、推动基层民主发展、加快依法治国进程、解决三农问题和推动城市化进程的需要。从本质上讲,农民工的政治参与问题也是人的发展问题。解决农民工的政治参与问题,应从制度建设和人的发展角度入手,其中最重要的是建立健全农民工社会融入的相关制度,改革和拓宽农民工政治参与的渠道。此外,也要倡导平等观念,加强农民工的素质培训和制定向农民工倾斜的扶持政策,为农民工有序政治参与扫清障碍,搭建平台。     

村民自治与农村政治发展

建立健全村民自治组织,推动农村政治发展,是中国政治发展的关键之一。政治民主、政治参与、政治秩序等作为农村政治发展的内容,是村民自治的内在价值追求。作为非国家形态的民主,村民自治的建立是社会主义政治文明的象征和标志,是社会主义民主政治的生长点。它标志着政治现代化的一种政治参与,旨在维护农村的社会秩序进而维护中国政治秩序的良性发展。     

Negotiated identities: Male migration and left-behind wives in India

This paper examines the impact of husbands’ migration on the lives of women left behind. Using data from the India Human Development Survey 2005, we focus on two dimensions of women’s lives: women’s autonomy and control over their lives; and women’s labour force participation. Results suggest that household structure forms the key mediating factor through which husbands’ absence affects women. Women not residing in extended families are faced with both higher levels of responsibilities and greater autonomy, while women who live in extended households do not experience these demands or benefits.     

论教育含量对政治参与的制约

教育含量对政治参与的制约是一个世界性的问题。没有全民教育含量的增升和整体素质的提高 ,真正的大众参与和高效的民主管理只能沦为空谈。教育含量既影响政治参与的民主意识 ,又影响政治参与的实际效果 ;既影响政治参与的发展进程 ,又影响政治参与的价值目标。唯物史观逻辑地推演出教育含量与政治参与的统一性 ;当代世界民主国家的政治发展也确凿地印证了二者的相关性。在人类社会的未来发展中 ,充足的教育含量是人的全面发展的必要条件 ;广泛的政治参与是人的彻底解放的必由之路     

Gender differences in labour market integration trajectories of recently arrived migrants in the Netherlands

This study investigates gender differences in recently arrived migrants’ labour market activity and occupational status both shortly after arrival and with increasing length of stay. We examine the role of education, household composition and traditional gender role values by estimating multi-group multilevel models based on three waves of the New Immigrants to the Netherlands Survey. In line with findings regarding gender gaps in labour market behaviour, recent female migrants are less active on labour market than their male counterparts, and we observe a clear motherhood penalty and fatherhood premium on the number of hours worked. Men and women show only marginal differences in their occupational statuses. Changes over time do not differ between men and women, indicating persistent gender inequality in labour market attainment. Moreover, interesting differences between the nationalities were found. Polish migrants show the highest activity levels and lowest occupational status, also when compared to Bulgarians. Spanish migrants hold the highest occupational statuses. Recent Turkish migrants seem to be better integrated and show fewer gender differences than the more established Turkish minority in the Netherlands.     

Incorporating human sexuality content into a positive youth development framework: Implications for community prevention

As approaches to positive youth development (PYD) gain momentum, the issue of sexuality – a critical component of human development – is being subsumed by ideological debates. In the current political climate, sexuality education is often relegated to biological and/or values-based approaches, neglecting essential relational and collective aspects of sexuality. Through the explication of sexuality as an important component of youth's social ecology, this paper provides a conceptual link between the goals of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States' (SIECUS) Guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education and those of PYD. We argue that sexuality, as a normative part of human development, culture, identity, and relationships, be approached from an asset-based perspective, rather than a deficit-based perspective. We propose a framework that illustrates how aspects of sexuality are embedded within PYD contexts, and demonstrates how a sexuality education program rooted in SIECUS guidelines can further PYD goals across community contexts.     

An equality of condition framework for user involvement in mental health policy and planning: evidence from participatory action research

Discussions about user involvement in the mental health services tend to throw up four major areas of concern: the capacity of service users to participate, their lack of participation skills, the need for a positive organisational culture and the need for arenas of participation. This article presents evidence from participatory action research with Irish mental health service users which explored how they could more equally participate in advisory committees. Participants identified barriers to their equal participation due to unequal cultural, physical, mental and economic resources, time, power, ‘stigma’(prejudice) and lack of respect for their experiential knowledge and emotional expression. These barriers fall within the ‘equality of condition framework’ developed by Baker and colleagues. Enabling equal user involvement in strategic decision‐making requires more than arenas of participation – it requires comprehensively addressing service users’ structural disadvantages throughout the process of involvement.     

城市老年人社会活动参与对其健康的影响--基于CHARLS 2011年数据

基于2011年“中国健康与养老追踪调查”全国基线调查数据,研究城市老年人社会活动参与对其健康的影响。研究结果发现社会活动参与对老年人日常生活活动能力、抑郁情绪均有显著影响。社会活动参与越多的老年人,在日常生活活动能力方面表现得越好;抑郁情绪也越少。可见,社会活动参与能有效改善老年人的健康水平。本文的研究结论支持了活动理论的观点,即老年人参与社会活动,可以增进他们的身体和心理健康水平。此外,本文还发现性别、年龄、婚姻状况、医疗保险、吸烟、喝酒等变量均对老年人健康有显著影响。