俄罗斯铁路运输企业经营机制转换及对我国的启示

俄罗斯铁路企业实施市场化改革,建立国有股份公司,并通过重建企业治理结构、实施业务分类管理等措施完成了企业经营机制转换,使其货运运营呈现良好的发展态势,但是客运运营仍然亏损严重。我国铁路政企分开后,应借鉴俄罗斯铁路企业转换经营机制改革的经验,中国铁路总公司应建立有效的内部治理机制、积极参与市场竞争;政府应建立公益性运输补贴机制,以保证企业真正走向市场,成为具有竞争活力的现代企业。     

论制定统一行政程序法典的宪法依据

依据宪法制定行政程序法,可以丰富行政程序法之价值内涵,提升行政程序法的合法性,创新宪法实施的路径。我国宪法中的人民主权条款规定了公民参与权,公众参与制度的内涵与之契合,为此行政程序法应设置公众参与程序;密切联系群众条款要求国家机关与公民保持充分的信息交流,交互式行政程序的机理与之相符,为此行政程序法应建构协商程序;精简原则要求国家机关之组织与程序的精简,与简易程序追求的便民、效率价值一致,为此行政程序法应设置简易程序。     

NHFPC Conducted National Follow- up Survey of Development of Families Practising Family Planning in China

正To comprehensively and systematically understand basic conditions of Chinesed families,especially those practicing family planning,build a national family information database and provide scientifi c basis for formulation of family development policies,National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)have conducted National Follow-up Survey of Development of Families Practising Family Planning in China.     

An Evaluation of the Capacity-building Effects of Participatory GIS (PGIS) for Public Participation in Land Use Planning

Spatial participatory methods called ‘participatory GIS’ (PGIS) are intended to improve public participation for land use planning. An internet PGIS was implemented in Perlis, Malaysia, to examine the public capacity-building effects of PGIS. Two delivery modes (facilitated and self-administered) were evaluated. We found that PGIS significantly enhanced perceived public knowledge about place and land use planning while increasing spatial technology skills, regardless of implementation mode. The results indicate that PGIS can increase public capacity for participating in land use planning, an important finding for developing countries with historically low levels of public participation and low public awareness and knowledge of planning.     

研究生自命题质量控制指标体系研究

针对研究生入学考试自命题质量问题,利用层次分析法,对自命题工作的核心要素进行分解,通过建立结构模型—构造判断矩阵—进行层次排序—求解权重结论四个步骤,设计出了由3个层次,4个一级指标和21个二级指标构成的自命题质量控制体系。研究结果对整个自命题工作规范程度和管理绩效的提高具有指导意义。     

政府购买服务中社会工作机构主体性研究

社会工作机构在政府购买服务中逐渐显露出主体性缺失问题。政府购买社会工作服务中涉及政府、社会工作机构、社会公众、第三方评估组织四元主体。基于主体间关系良性运行视角,社会工作机构主体性主要体现在购买、服务、评估三层维度下的双主体间互动关系。根据双主体间关系测度模型,在购买层面政府与社会工作机构形成整合自主关系,在服务层面服务对象与社会工作机构形成自主式参与关系,在评估层面第三方评估组织与社会工作机构形成建设式评估关系,则社会工作机构主体性在主体间关系良性运行下逐渐确立。社会工作机构主体性的确立将推动政府购买社会工作服务模式的不断完善与发展。     

英语电教员在大学新生英语自主学习中的角色定位

多媒体教育技术的运用为大学新生自主学习英语提供了良好的外部环境。英语电教员应明确自己的新型角色定位,参与教学改革,辅助新生自主学习英语,研究网络教学规律,开发教育资源,与学生共建网络课程。     

How important are political interest and internal political efficacy in the prediction of political participation? Longitudinal evidence from Germany / La importancia del interés en la polític y dae la eficacia política interna en la predicción de la participación política. Datos longitudinales originados en Alemania

This study aims to disentangle the effects of interest in politics and internal political efficacy in the prediction of different political activities. The analysis examines the hypothesis that political interest is a more important precursor of electoral and unconventional political participation, and that both political interest and efficacy are required to promote participation in political parties. Using the German Longitudinal Election Study, multiple regression analyses yield that political efficacy is a strong and positive predictor of intentions to participate in party politics and unconventional political behaviour. Political interest has differential effects on voting conditional on whether respondents are surveyed before or after elections, and differential moderated effects appear for conventional and unconventional political action. The findings are discussed with respect to the importance of political interest and efficacy for citizen participation.     

Doctors offline,activists online: an analysis of Chinese celebrity physicians’ politically oriented social media activities

This study explores the social media activities of politically oriented Chinese celebrity physicians. The results of the semi-structured in-depth interviews indicated that the celebrity physicians were dissatisfied because the government treated them as the scapegoats of the failed health care reform. They thus turned to social media to challenge the dominant narratives about the public health system and repair their professional reputations. To achieve these goals, the celebrity physicians produced media content that challenged the dominant governmental discourse about the public health system, and they collaborated to correct conventional media narratives about the medical profession when crises occurred. The findings of this study indicate the formation of a new type of online civil activism that was initiated by a group of professionals and intellectuals.     

The Family Context of Assent: Comparison of Child and Parent Perspectives on Familial Decision‐Making

Assent guidelines currently fail to include an assessment of a child's decision‐making ability, experience and interest. This paper summarises a two‐stage study, conducted in the United Kingdom, exploring perspectives on children's decision‐making power and ability within their family, as an indicator for overall decision‐making readiness. Children desired to make some decisions but knew their parents held ultimate authority. Parents believed their children could make some decisions and actively trained them through involvement in daily decisions. Researchers should strive to include children in enrolment decisions to some degree, based on a consideration of their expectations for involvement informed by their daily family context.