国外灾害经济研究的主要进展与启示

国外的灾害经济研究是20世纪50年代以后才正式展开的,其兴起在一定程度上是受到了技术进步、战争和战争威胁等因素的推动。经过早期逐步引入经济学分析方法用于灾害问题的研究,关于灾害损失评估框架、灾害经济后果与影响、自然灾害与经济发展等方面,国外（主要是西方）已经积累了大量的研究成果。从研究范围来看,已经从单一国家和单一的灾害事件发展到了全球范围的各类灾害事件,而研究思路和方法则在不断朝着经验分析和模型化的方向发展。通过对国外灾害经济研究成果的梳理,可以给我国的灾害经济研究带来有益的启示。     

模糊数据的回归模型结构分析

本文在给出对称三角模糊数样本基础上,提出模糊数据回归分析模型的一般结构。在使用线性规划LP方法进行模糊回归系数估计时,根据模糊集合的择近原则,给出了利用样本平均贴近度评价模型拟合效果的一个准则。通过实例计算,比较了模糊样本回归模型未知参数估计的FLP方法和FLS 方法。     

银行降息对寿险业的影响及供求模型分析

宏观经济因素对保险业的发展起了重要的作用。自1996年以来,中国经济政策导向已由治理通货膨胀转向刺激需求,三年多来,央行七次降息,对保险业的影响巨大。本文主要探讨降息对寿险业的影响,分析了降息引发的寿险业变革的原因,并就转型期寿险市场的有效启动提出了一些建议。     

Disarming the War of the Growth Machines: A Panel Study

Intercommunity variation in growth machine activities, including the manipulation of the business climate and vertical integration with state economic development programs, net migration, and land use change are examined using a sample of 96 small urban places. A panel design and key informant methodology, 1970–90, permit cross-sectional and longitudinal observation. Using regression analysis with appropriate statistical controls, the research indicates that growth machines, particularly those in affluent communities, do intensify land uses. The business climate also negatively affects changes in business and industrial land uses as well as net migration. Some local efforts may not affect growth until the subsequent decade. The research suggests that growth machine activities are intensifying and may be exacerbating social inequality between places, especially affluent residential communities and declining working-class communities in the old industrial belt.     

国际论文与国内论文合一统计方法研究

论述了期刊影响因子与期刊的有用性、显示度、论文质量的关系以及学科间影响因子不平衡分布的问题;以期刊影响因子为评价依据,用布拉德福区域分析法对SCI和CSCD的来源期刊进行等级区域的划分;用等级区域平均影响因子的倍差作为各个区域的权重,并赋以分值;用国际论文与国内论文合一统计方法进行了评价实验,排列出得分最高的前10名高等院校和科研院所．     

普通商品房开发与土地资源配置

住宅消费的主要对象是占人口多数的中低收入阶层,他们构成未来住房购买的主流。我国目前商品房市 场疲软,是由商品房供给结构不符社会对它的需求引起的。普遍适用商品房供给不足,中低收入阶层对 大量滞销的高档住宅只能“望楼兴叹”。而商品房供给结构不当,价格过高,主要又是由于土地供给失误 造成。应通过改革土地供给制度,合理配置城市土地供给,促进普通商品房的开发。     

加入WTO对重庆汽车产业的影响及对策

通过分析加入WTO对中国汽车产业的影响 ,结合重庆的自身情况 ,分析重庆汽车产业所受影响并提出相应对策。     

Comparison of models for average bioequivalence in replicated crossover designs

Average bioequivalence (ABE) has been the regulatory standard for bioequivalence (BE) since the 1990s. BE studies are commonly two-period crossovers, but may also use replicated designs. The replicated crossover will provide greater power for the ABE assessment. FDA has recommended that ABE analysis of replicated crossovers use a model which includes terms for separate within- and between-subject components for each formulation and which allows for a subject x formulation interaction component. Our simulation study compares the performance of four alternative mixed effects models: the FDA model, a three variance component model proposed by Ekbohm and Melander (EM), a random intercepts and slopes model (RIS) proposed by Patterson and Jones, and a simple model that contains only two variance components. The simple model fails (when not 'true') to provide adequate coverage and it accepts the hypothesis of equivalence too often. FDA and EM models are frequently indistinguishable and often provide the best performance with respect to coverage and probability of concluding BE. The RIS model concludes equivalence too often when both the within- and between-subject variance components differ between formulations. The FDA analysis model is recommended because it provides the most detail regarding components of variability and has a slight advantage over the EM model in confidence interval length.     

Designing of a variables two-plan system by minimizing the average sample number

This article proposes a variables two-plan sampling system called tightened-normal-tightened (TNT) sampling inspection scheme where the quality characteristic follows a normal distribution or a lognormal distribution and has an upper or a lower specification limit. The TNT variables sampling inspection scheme will be useful when testing is costly and destructive. The advantages of the variables TNT scheme over variables single and double sampling plans and attributes TNT scheme are discussed. Tables are also constructed for the selection of parameters of known and unknown standard deviation variables TNT schemes for a given acceptable quality level (AQL) and limiting quality level (LQL). The problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming where the objective function to be minimized is the average sample number and the constraints are related to lot acceptance probabilities at AQL and LQL under the operating characteristic curve.     

浅析英语习语对文化交流的影响

随着全球一体化步伐的加快,再加上通讯业、交通业等广泛发展,国际间的交流与合作越来越频繁,英语习语的应用非常重要。由于语言与文化密不可分,因此翻译并不是两种语言之间的单纯性传递信息,也不仅仅为文化交流。实际上,传播文化比表达语言信息更重要。所谓习语,主要指语言中具有固定的形式与意义的词组、句子等,因此若想准确翻译习语,必须对语言的文化背景具有深入了解,在翻译过程中也要注意保留文化特征和意象。本文结合当前英语习语的应用状况,以生活应用实际为出发点,对英语习语对文化交流的影响、英语习语的翻译方法与技巧等内容进行分析与阐述。