Parameter estimation and design considerations in prospective applications of the � chart

The effects of parameter estimation on the in-control performance of the Shewhart X¯ chart are studied in prospective (phase 2 or stage 2) applications via a thorough examination of the attained false alarm rate (AFAR), the conditional false alarm rate (CFAR), the conditional and the unconditional run-length distributions, some run-length characteristics such as the ARL, the conditional ARL (CARL), some selected percentiles including the median, and cumulative run-length probabilities. The examination involves both numerical evaluations and graphical displays. The effects of parameter estimation need to be accounted for in designing the chart. To this end, as an application of the exact formulations, chart constants are provided for a specified in-control average run-length of 370 and 500 for a number of subgroups and subgroup sizes. These will be useful in the implementation of the X¯ chart in practice.     

关于共产主义社会有无宪法的讨论

在什么角度和层面讨论共产主义社会有无宪法的问题是一个关系到宪法本质的问题,如果只站在阶级分析的层面来揭示宪法进而推论共产主义社会有宪法,显然是自相矛盾的,是没有其理论基础的;而如果对宪法从其目的和目标层次上进行分析,就会发现,宪法作为限制政府权力、保障公民权利、规范政府职能和组织的根本组织大法,在共产主义社会也是有其存在的基础和必要的。由此引发了我们对宪法本质的思考。     

论商法的起源及其对我国入世后的启示意义

商法的起源问题是商法的重要基础理论问题之一。关于商法的起源有多种学说,但独立的商法起源于中世纪。中世纪城市的兴起、商人阶层的产生及力量的壮大是商法产生的必要条件。打破传统、勇于创新,扶持商人阶层的发展是研究商法的起源对振兴我国商法的重大意义。     

Extending conditional likelihood in models for stratified binary data

The conditional likelihood is widely used in logistic regression models with stratified binary data. In particular, it leads to accurate inference for the parameters of interest, which are common to all strata, eliminating stratum-specific nuisance parameters. The modified profile likelihood is an accurate approximation to the conditional likelihood, but has the advantage of being available for general parametric models. Here, we propose the modified profile likelihood as an ideal extension of the conditional likelihood in generalized linear models for binary data, with generic link function. An important feature is that for the implementation we only need standard outputs of routines for generalized linear models. The accuracy of the method is supported by theoretical properties and is confirmed by simulation results.This research was supported by MIUR COFIN 2001-2003.     

如何进行"意识形态"研究

“意识形态”定性研究中存在许多不足之处,仅凭意识形态的“阶级性”和“历史性”还不能准确把握意识形态的性质。在把握意识形态的性质时,应该同时联系意识形态的“理论基础”和“现实基础”。马克思和恩格斯对旧意识形态的批判可以作为我们的借鉴。     

Berufungscoaching Systemisches Coaching in Phasen der (beruflichen) Neuorientierung

Vocation-coaching — Coaching in phases of personal reorientationA model for a coaching-method, the “Vocation-coaching” is presented, which was used successfully in the last two years. The main aspects of the model, namely discovering — strengthen — transfer, are described. The coaching-techniques which are used within the vocation-coaching are compared to the techniques of the conventional coaching. The target group of the vocation-coaching are individuals at turning points in their lives, especially at turning points in their professions. The needs of these persons are described and compared to the potential use of the method of the vocation-coaching.     

Die Wechseljahre — Zeit des beruflichen Wandels Karriereberatung bei einer 50-jährigen Frau

The climacteric period — a time of professional change. Career coaching with a 50 years old womanThe climacteric period are valid as a time of great changes and often also represent a neworientation in professional life. In a career coaching with a 50 year old teacher and therapist, it was a question of a professional decision-making: returning in the teacher profession or developing her therapeutic career. In the course of common work and a created future-panorama her following professional way was more visible, which also considered her age and her reducing capability.     

Konfliktcoaching einer Schulleiterin

Conflict-coaching of a headmistressThe author describes the process of conflict coaching. A newly appointed headmistress encountered a high conflict-potential when taking over this position. During the process of coaching appropriate strategies for conflict will be developed and necessary preparations will be made. As an extension of management-competencies the executive receives support from the coach.     

Mediation in der Schule Ein Praxisbericht aus hessischen Projektschulen

Mediation in school. A case report about Hessian project schoolsOn the basis of four examples from his practical experience, a Hessian school-mediator illustrates both the immediate profit of mediation for the conflicting parties and the influence of the training ground of mediation for personal development, as well as the importance for professional qualification. Mediation is presented both as an educational and a political model which needs for its development a systemic concept. Various building blocks for a concept of constructive conflict resolution are presented. The considerations lead to a long-term objective of a democratic school, with a high degree of participation from all members of the school community.     

Asset and Liability? The Importance of Context in the Occupational Experiences of Upwardly Mobile White Adults

In-depth interview data reveal that workplace context and the social characteristics of clients and coworkers play an important role in shaping how upwardly mobile individuals experience class at work. While respondents did discuss their working-class backgrounds as a liability, as might be expected, they also described ways in which they experience their backgrounds as an occupational asset. These findings challenge the notion of a linear relationship between class and culture, suggesting instead a complex, fluid relationship between class, culture, and occupation, where the class of a job does not necessarily determine the class culture needed for that job.