邢台和天津大气污染物影响因素的灰色关联分析

空气污染已成为我国最受关注的环境问题。文章利用灰色关联分析模型研究了天津市和邢台市大气污染源与污染物浓度的关系。基于2013年到2016年空气质量数据和社会经济数据,分析邢台和天津的大气污染物来源,邢台和天津大气主要污染源分别为工业、常住人口、农业、汽车保有量。研究发现,工业体系对邢台空气质量影响最大,常住人口对天津市空气质量影响最大。结果表明,影响不同城市空气质量的主要污染源并不一致。因此,不同地区在大气污染治理过程中应根据自身特点采取相应的措施。     

论中国航空运输责任赔偿制度的发展趋势

中国航空运输责任赔偿制度已经陈旧过时,所确定的人民币40万元的责任限额与社会经济发展状况已很不适应。保障人权、维护消费者权益是民主法治发展的必然趋势。民事损害赔偿法律制度从\     

Acculturation,Ethnicity, and Air Pollution Perceptions

A globalizing world increases immigration between nations, raising the question of how acculturation (or its lack) of immigrants and their descendants to host societies affects risk perceptions. A survey of Paterson, New Jersey, residents tested acculturation's associations with attitudes to air pollution and its management, and knowledge of and self‐reported behaviors concerning air pollution. Linguistic and temporal proxy measures for acculturation were independent variables along with ethnicity, plus controls for gender, age, education, and income in multivariate analyses. About one‐fifth of contrasts between non‐Hispanic whites, non‐Hispanic blacks, English‐interviewed Hispanics, and Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics were statistically significant (Bonferroni‐corrected) and of medium or higher affect size, with most featuring the Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics. Knowledge variables featured the most significant differences. Specifically, Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics reported less concern, familiarity with pollution, recognition of high pollution, and vigorous outdoor activity, and greater belief that government overregulates pollution than English‐interviewed Hispanics (and than the other two groups on most of these variables too). English‐interviewed Hispanics did not differ from non‐Hispanic whites, but did on several variables from non‐Hispanic blacks. Temporal proxies of acculturation among the foreign‐born were far less significant, but concern and familiarity with air pollution increased with time spent in the United States, while belief in overregulation and a positive trend in New Jersey pollution increased with time in the nation of origin. Implications of these acculturation and ethnicity findings for risk perception/communication research and practice are discussed.     

远程大气监测网络的信号与信道匹配及设计

研究了远程大气自动监测网络的信道、抗干扰和信号和与信道的匹配问题，介绍了该监测网的设计，讨论了远程设备的自动控制，以及远程通讯，可靠性等问题。     

空气处理过程自动分析软件的开发

介绍一个能对空气处理过程进行自动分析的计算机软件，该软件能生成湿空气的焓－湿图，显示空气处理过程，并对娄在动处理，为空调系统设备选择提供其础数据。     

Estimating the Risks of Smoking, Air Pollution, and Passive Smoke on Acute Respiratory Conditions

Five years of the annual Health Interview Survey, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, are used to estimate the effects of air pollution, smoking, and environmental tobacco smoke on respiratory restrictions in activity for adults, and bed disability for children. After adjusting for several socioeconomic factors, the multiple regression estimates indicate that an independent and statistically significant association exists between these three forms of air pollution and respiratory morbidity. The comparative risks of these exposures are computed and the plausibility of the relative risks is examined by comparing the equivalent doses with actual measurements of exposure taken in the homes of smokers. The results indicate that: (1) smokers will have a 55-75% excess in days with respiratory conditions severe enough to cause reductions in normal activity; (2) a 1 microgram increase in fine particulate matter air pollution is associated with a 3% excess in acute respiratory disease; and (3) a pack-a-day smoker will increase respiratory restricted days for a nonsmoking spouse by 20% and increase the number of bed disability days for young children living in the household by 20%. The results also indicate that the estimates of the effects of secondhand smoking on children are improved when the mother's work status is known and incorporated into the exposure estimate.     

A Fiasco of Volcanic Proportions? Eyjafjallajökull and the Closure of European Airspace

Abstract

The unprecedented and recurrent closure of much of UK and northern European airspace from 14 April 2010, following the eruption of Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull volcano, caused the cancellation of 108,000 flights, disrupted the travel plans of 10.5 million passengers, and cost the airline industry in excess of $1.7 billion in lost revenue. The airspace closures highlighted the inherent riskiness of aviation and destabilised dominant cultural discourses of the ‘superiority’ and capability of aviation technology. It also brought issues of risk acceptability and our socio‐economic reliance on air travel into sharp relief. This paper explores how the political and media framing of the response to the airspace closures as a human ‘policy fiasco’ served to obfuscate the inherent dangers of aviation and ‘get Europe flying’ again. Thus, this paper contends that this particular fiasco was ‘necessary’ in that it served to highlight the fragility of air travel and the vulnerabilities of the mobile citizen.     

Application of a non-homogeneous Markov chain with seasonal transition probabilities to ozone data

In this work, we assume that the sequence recording whether or not an ozone exceedance of an environmental threshold has occurred in a given day is ruled by a non-homogeneous Markov chain of order one. In order to account for the possible presence of cycles in the empirical transition probabilities, a parametric form incorporating seasonal components is considered. Results show that even though some covariates (namely, relative humidity and temperature) are not included explicitly in the model, their influence is captured in the behavior of the transition probabilities. Parameters are estimated using the Bayesian point of view via Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. The model is applied to ozone data obtained from the monitoring network of Mexico City, Mexico. An analysis of how the methodology could be used as an aid in the decision-making is also given.     

雾霾治理中的“政治性蓝天”——来自中国地方“两会”的证据

目的/意义合理的环境政策工具是保障可持续发展的重要依据。设计/方法运用双重差分法（DID）和基于倾向得分匹配后的双重差分法（PSM-DID）,分析了2016年杭州召开“G20峰会”前实行的命令控制型环境政策对空气质量的影响。结论/发现（1）长期政策有效改善了空气质量,其效果明显好于短期政策,保障了“G20峰会”前后杭州市空气的优良品质;（2）长期政策创造的蓝天是稳定持续的,“G20峰会”前后空气质量未出现大的波动或反弹现象;（3）“G20峰会”长期政策具有长期效应,长期内空气质量保持良好水平,未出现恶化趋势。在考虑了共同趋势、不同污染物形式、更换不同样本以及选择不同模型后仍然稳健。     

中国城市空气质量的“春节效应”分析——来自31个重点城市的经验证据

近年来,空气污染成为大家十分关注的话题。2014年春节期间,山东、河北、江苏、陕西等省份的多个城市空气质量指数频频爆表,出现了严重的空气污染。分别以2007-2012年、2014年31个重点城市春节期间及其前后的空气质量指数、污染物排放量及人口密度、工业比重、所处区域、客运量等资料为基础,分析了31个重点城市空气质量是否存在显著的"春节效应"。研究表明,城市空气质量的"春节效应"主要表现为"节后效应"。春节期间的空气污染指数比非春节期间高出约6.37%,集中供暖区域的空气污染指数比非集中供暖区域高出约37.04%。2014年城市空气质量存在显著"节后效应"的主要原因是PM2.5、PM10在春节期间的排放量显著高于春节后的排放量。从总量上严格控制春节期间烟花爆竹的燃放数量,并尽快改善北方城市的供暖方式、供暖来源应作为防治空气污染的考虑方向。