19世纪俄罗斯风景画的发展

19世纪的俄罗斯风景画艺术，是俄罗斯绘画艺术的重要组成部分。艺术家们以一种乐观向上、浪漫抒情的胸怀，崇尚人性为本的文化思想，丰富而独特的表现方法，诗意般的抒情手法表达了他们对大自然的热爱。这些众多的油画风景艺术家和他们经典的油画风景作品为油画史增添了绚丽的篇章。     

图像艺术的发展对绘画的影响

以计算机和网络为核心的信息技术，影响到人类生活的诸多方面，也给绘画艺术教育带来了巨大的机遇和挑战。从图象和绘画艺术的历史沿革和现状入手，分析论述图象艺术的发展对绘画的影响。     

料场油管清洗及保护技术

料场油管露天堆放 ,在存放期间受大气影响易锈蚀 ,不仅影响油管质量 ,而且严重影响油管的使用性能 .本文研究一种新的涂保护剂及配方 ,介绍了油管保护新技术 ,其缓蚀率达到 96 %以上     

民族出身与民族文学——兼及民族文学的范畴与界定

关于少数民族文学界定的标准有题材论 ,作家论 ,作家、作品民族特点统一论 ,作家、民族文字统一论等几种有代表性的观点。这些观点大多涉及作者的民族出身问题。而由于现当代少数民族作者民族出身的复杂性 ,造成了对少数民族文学范畴和界定的混乱及不确定性。少数民族文学应是少数民族作者创作的 ,体现本民族独特审美意识和审美情趣的文学作品。     

大学英语阅读教学中图式理论的运用

近年来，语言学家及语言教师纷纷将“图式”理论引入阅读教学，本文通过对“图式”理论的阐述以及学生不能理解阅读材料的原因的分析，提出了“图式”理论在阅读教学中给我们的启示以及如何采用“图式”理论来培养学生的阅读理解能力。     

“效率优先,兼顾公平”究竟错在哪里

在特定的历史时期,“效率优先,兼顾公平”的提法对于破除计划经济体制和平均主义观念起了积极的作用。随着中国发展进程的推进,这一提法逐渐显露出其明显的局限性,主要表现在:同以人为本的基本理念相抵触;没有区分基本制度和具体政策2个层面的公正问题;与和谐社会建设格格不入;将这一提法泛化并覆盖非经济领域;意味着现代政府主要职能的错位;对初次分配重效率、再次分配重公平的定位有误。从长远看,这一提法对中国社会经济的发展会产生广泛的负面影响:对现代社会的制度建设不利;对改革和发展的有机统一不利;对公正合理的社会结构的形成不利;延缓了合理、健全的社会政策的制定。正确的提法应当是:以社会公正为基本理念和基本准则,促进社会经济的协调发展,促进改革开放和现代化建设的整体化推进,促进和谐社会的建设。     

红岩精神的时代性——红岩精神的形成及其现实意义

论述红岩精神形成的历史文化背景及其群众基础,分析红岩精神的现实指导意义、强调红岩群体革命精神是调控民众思想行为的高尚指向之一。     

Informing the Public About Uncertain Risks

Many problems arise in connection with the communication of risk information. In this article the content of the information communicated is taken as a starting-point for analyzing the risk communication process. We studied the way in which authorities communicated health risks to local residents in Dutch soil pollution situations and found that communication problems were characterized more by misunderstanding and conflict between parties with different views and interests than by a lack of understanding. Therefore, it is important to look more closely at the way the communicators of information (in our cases, officials) select risk information from risk assessments, and to study the effects that the information selected has on the receivers (in our cases, residents). Both the process of selection by the officials and the process of interpretation by the residents will be shown to be influenced by the different institutional backgrounds. The article presents a new approach to risk communication. Both the risk information presented by the authorities and the public reactions to this risk information are considered to reflect the institutional background of authorities and residents, and can be analyzed in these terms. Such an approach has consequences for the study of risk communication and the manner in which it is practiced.     

浅谈英汉习语的形成背景与对应关系

习语是语言中经过长时间使用提炼出来的固定词组、短语和短句，具有言简意赅，形象生动，趣味隽永的特点。习语的表达在英汉两种文化中就存在着异同。本文将就英汉习语形成的背景，英汉习语之间的对应关系以及相应的翻译技巧进行探讨。     

A Perspective on Dioxin Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

This paper discusses the following key issues concerning human exposure to dioxins and furans emitted from typical, modern MSW incinerators: (1) Are MSW incinerators the major source of PCDD/PCDF input into the environment? (2) Are environmental concentrations around MSW incinerators substantially elevated relative to background levels? And (3) are MSW incinerators the major source of human exposure to PCDDs and PCDFs? Current scientific evidence indicates that (1) combustion sources in general (including steel mills, copper smelting plants, motor vehicles, pulp and paper mills, and MSW incinerators) are major sources of PCDD/PCDF input in the environment; (2) environmental concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs around operating MSW incinerators are not substantially elevated; and (3) 99% of human exposure to PCDDs and PCDFs is from background contamination, even for individuals living near a modern MSW incinerator.