应用内蒙高岭土合成4A沸石试验研究

本文介绍了用内蒙高岭土为原料合成洗涤用４Ａ沸石工艺过程研究，讨论了酸处理过程、焙烧过程、合成条件对ＲＡ沸石产品质量的影响。结果表明，在选择和控制适当的工艺条件下，可制备出主要性能达到化学合成法的４Ａ沸石，以满足洗涤剂行业的应用。     

MAS环境下实现Agent交互协作的关键技术

讨论了MAS环境下实现Agent交互协作的关键性问题。在分析Agent协同设计目标的基础上,将遗传算法应用于子任务的调度,提高了Agent协同工作的效率。应用Agent的通信语言建立了一个基于知识查询与操纵语言的Agent通信模型,通过引入Agent位置追踪和Agent消息缓存机制解决了Agent移动过程中遇到的位置追踪和通信失效问题。     

国际工程多代理系统中的代理沟通机制

在信息技术应用相对落后的建筑业,多代理系统理论开辟了一个研究领域。通过对基于互联网的国际工程信息系统的研究,提出一套多代理系统(multi-agent system,MAS)的国际工程代理沟通机制。该研究成果加快了多代理系统从理论研究到实际应用的进展,为多代理系统在国际工程领域的应用提供了理论支持,同时对类似的多代理系统设计具有实际参考价值。     

民事诉讼代理视野下的“草根律师”制度——以成都地区为例

民事诉讼代理制度作为现代民事诉讼制度中的一项重要制度,是法律面前人人平等原则的重要体现和保障。但是在我国农村劳动力向城镇转移、劳动纠纷增多的时代背景下,我国民事诉讼代理制度日益暴露出一系列的问题。课题组通过大量的实证调研,拟从民事诉讼代理制度的基础理论出发,结合我国目前农民工维权的实际,在理论上初步构建“来自于农民工,服务于农民工”的“草根律师”制度,解决有关农民工劳动纠纷案件中的诉讼代理难的相关问题。     

宋代与中国古代取保候审制度的形成

取保候审古称责保知在,是刑事司法中普遍采用的限制人身自由的强制方法,是借助于保证人的信誉约束诉讼参加人,以配合司法活动的诉讼保障措施.在中国古代史籍中,取保候审于北齐初见使用,<唐律疏议>亦有条文记栽,两宋时期形成制度.与前代相比,宋代取保候审的规定更加具体,其适用条件的详备程度已达到当今立法水平,甚至有些规定今世未能企及.宋代取保候审制度的完善,可为宋代司法制度发达的又一力证.     

Supply Chain Strategies and International Tax Arbitrage

What motivates the geographic footprint of the supply chains that multinational firms (MNFs) deploy? Traditional research in the operations and supply chain management literature tends to recommend locations primarily based on differentials in production costs and the ramifications of physical distance ignoring the role of taxation. MNFs that strategically position parts of their supply chains in low‐tax locations can allocate the profits across the divisions to improve post‐tax profits. For the profit allocation to be defensible to tax authorities, the divisional operations must possess real decision authority and bear meaningful risks. Generally speaking, the greater the transfer of risk and control, the larger the allowable allocation of profit. These transfers may also create inefficiencies due to misalignment of business goals and attitudes toward risk. We model these trade‐offs in the context of placing in a low‐tax region a subsidiary that oversees product distribution (as a limited risk distributor commissionnaire, limited risk distributor, or fully fledged distributor). Our analysis demonstrates that the MNF's preferences regarding the operating structures are not necessarily an obvious ordering based on the amount of risk and decision authority transferred to the division in the low‐tax jurisdiction. We derive and analyze threshold values of the performance parameters that describe the main trade‐offs involved in selecting an operating structure. We find some of the optimal decisions to exhibit interesting non‐monotone behavior. For instance, profits can increase when the tax rate in the low‐tax jurisdiction increases. Numerical analysis shows that the Limited‐Risk Distributor structure is rarely optimal and quantifies when each alternative dominates it.     

Modeling the impact of supra-structural network nodes: The case of anonymous syringe sharing and HIV among people who inject drugs

Networks are well understood as crucial to the diffusion of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs), but quasi-anonymous risk nodes - such as shooting galleries - resist measurement and incorporation into empirical analyses of disease diffusion. Drawing on network data from 767 IDUs in Bushwick, Brooklyn, we illustrate the use of calibrated agent-based models (CABMs) to account for network structure, injection practices, and quasi-anonymous transmission in shooting galleries. Results confirm the importance of network structure and actor heterogeneity to the magnitude and speed of HIV transmission. Models further demonstrate that quasi-anonymous injections in shooting galleries increase the speed of HIV diffusion across the whole network and have the greatest impact on HIV seroconversion levels for IDUs at the network periphery. Shooting galleries are shown to be transmission hubs that operate independently of traceable structural ties, linking otherwise unconnected network components. CABMs potentially increase understandings of HIV diffusion dynamics by infusing computer simulations with empirical data.     

Adaptive agent-based manufacturing control and its application to flow shop routing control

The manufacturing industry is currently facing unprecedented challenges from changes and disturbances. The sources of these changes and disturbances are of different scope and magnitude. They can be of a commercial nature, or linked to fast product development and design, or purely operational (e.g. rush order, machine breakdown, material shortage etc.). In order to meet these requirements it is increasingly important that a production operation be flexible and is able to adapt to new and more suitable ways of operating. This paper focuses on a new strategy for enabling manufacturing control systems to adapt to changing conditions both in terms of product variation and production system upgrades. The approach proposed is based on two key concepts: (1) An autonomous and distributed approach to manufacturing control based on multi-agent methods in which so called operational agents represent the key physical and logical elements in the production environment to be controlled – for example, products and machines and the control strategies that drive them and (2) An adaptation mechanism based around the evolutionary concept of replicator dynamics which updates the behaviour of newly formed operational agents based on historical performance records in order to be better suited to the production environment. An application of this approach for route selection of similar products in manufacturing flow shops is developed and is illustrated in this paper using an example based on the control of an automobile paint shop.     

无纸化条件下的证券法律关系分析

证券无纸化后,证券法律关系发生了很大的变化。无纸化条件下证券的主要法律关系可以概括为＂四方主体＋三大法律关系＂。投资人与发行人间的法律关系因持有模式的不同而相异;发行人、投资人与证券登记机构之间的法律关系分别为证券登记法律关系和证券存管法律关系,随着中央证券登记结算机构的出现,证券登记和证券存管逐渐趋同;投资人与证券经纪商（直接中介商）之间的关系总体上是一种民事代理关系,这些关系的具体内容由当事人之间的约定和有关法律法规等规范性文件的规定共同确定,具有约定性和法定性双重属性。     

Agency Problems between Managers and Employees in Nonprofit Organizations: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Most principal–agent literature of nonprofit organizations has focused on the relationship between board members and managers. However, in addition to the role as an agent of the board, the manager also performs a role as principal with respect to the nonprofit employees. By using a discrete choice experiment, we identify the objectives of managers and employees in nonprofit organizations and assess the presence of agency problems in this relationship. Our sample consists of 76 headmasters, 161 teachers, and 39 administrative employees in 74 secondary nonprofit schools in Belgium. We find that the six objectives set out in the experiment play an important role for both headmasters and subordinate staff. However, the results also indicate that some of these objectives are significantly more important for the headmasters. In sum, our results suggest that agency theory and stewardship theory are not necessarily in conflict with each other but can be combined into a more general governance framework for nonprofit organizations. Consequently, we argue that incentive structures that incorporate different types of objectives can facilitate the recruitment and retention of employees in nonprofit organizations.