Multiple partitioning of multiplex signed networks: Application to European parliament votes

For more than a decade, graphs have been used to model the voting behavior taking place in parliaments. However, the methods described in the literature suffer from several limitations. The two main ones are that 1) they rely on some temporal integration of the raw data, which causes some information loss; and/or 2) they identify groups of antagonistic voters, but not the context associated with their occurrence. In this article, we propose a novel method taking advantage of multiplex signed graphs to solve both these issues. It consists in first partitioning separately each layer, before grouping these partitions by similarity. We show the interest of our approach by applying it to a European Parliament dataset.     

对海洋霸权与大陆均势关系的再探讨

虽然以往研究海洋霸权与大陆均势关系的成果颇丰,但还是存在一些不足。为此,本文对海洋霸权与大陆均势关系的结构类型、运行机制及其影响等进行了深化与细化。在海洋霸权国国力大于或小于或等于大陆均势中的有关国家的不同情况下,大陆均势可以分为不需要海洋霸权仅凭大陆国家就能形成的大陆均势和需要海洋霸权且支持其中一方才能形成的大陆均势。不同的国力对比和均势构成情况,对海洋霸权与大陆国家的政治安全与经济发展所产生的影响是不同的。经过分析和比较,本文得出结论:海陆分界难分优劣,关系互补战略呼应,这就是美英极力推行海洋霸权与大陆均势战略的现实诠释。     

Public Debt Sustainability in Africa: Building Resilience and Challenges Ahead

The increased access of African countries to international capital markets has put public debt sustainability at the forefront of the continent's policy agenda. Utilising the ‘stabilising primary‐balance’ approach, this article finds that the actual primary balances exceeded those required to keep public debt at the 2007 level in about half the countries studied, and in several cases, those needed to reduce public debt‐to‐GDP to sustainable thresholds. The interest rate‐growth differential (IRGD) drove sustainability, underscoring the importance of growth and borrowing for growth‐enhancing outlays. As the IRGDs are likely to narrow over the longer term, fiscal policies will need to play a greater role.     

凝析气井产能和储量计算新方法

凝析气藏存在复杂的相变与相态分布，当地层压力下降到露点压力以下时，凝析油会在地层和井筒中分别析出，导致井口产气量、产油量与井底产气量、产油量之间存在质量转换，但仍遵循质量守恒定律。因此利用质量守恒建立考虑油、气两相的渗流微分方程，通过引入两相拟压力函数，推导凝析气井不稳定产能方程。在此基础上，结合物质平衡方程，利用生产动态数据拟合整个历史生产过程，不但可以获得气井目前的产能，还可以获得地层压力及各种地层参数。实例分析表明，计算结果准确可靠，有利于在凝析气井中推广使用。     

政府、雇主和家庭共担生育责任的探讨

人口再生产是社会生产的必要前提,为社会经济发展做出巨大贡献,为雇主/社会提供了充足劳动力,满足了家庭情感需求和家族延续的需要,政府、社会和家庭需要共担责任。我国经历了从国家和家庭共担到雇主和家庭分担主要生育责任的过程,目前政府分担生育责任依然不足,雇主服务支持不够,家庭中男性未充分发挥作用。要确立生育的社会价值,增强政府责任,建立全面覆盖的生育保障制度,不断提高保障水平;建立平衡工作—家庭的支持体系,男性分担更多责任。     

依赖与独立：养老方式选择的二维困境分析

资源依赖与独立自主是目前城乡居民家庭养老方式选择中必然面临的问题,但是二者之间存在着张力,难以同时兼顾,这便形成了选择的二维困境。为了研究城乡居民家庭养老方式选择中如何平衡二者之间张力的问题,对84户居民家庭养老方式选择进行了调查分析,采用多案例比较法,选取3户典型家庭作为代表,总结出三种张力平衡模式：偏依赖型、偏独立型及均衡型。分析发现：偏依赖型居民家庭数量最多,均衡型数量最少;偏依赖型与偏独立型都存在不同程度的选择风险,均衡型是较为理想的选择模式;理想状态下,偏依赖型与偏独立型可以转化为均衡型。     

论20世纪50年代"新英雄人物"创作规范的建立

借“社会主义现实主义”创作理论的引进和“两结合”创作理论提出的契机,20世纪50年代“新英雄人物”创作规范逐步建立起来。这种创作规范的建立过程一直处于一种“政治性、理想性、阶级性”与“写实”的张力之中。也正是这种张力的逐渐失衡,孕育并终于造就了“文革”文学中“无产阶级英雄人物”的诞生。     

高等教育可持续发展的几个问题

可持续发展战略包括社会的全面进步和可持续发展, 教育是实现可持续发展的关键,同时其本身也必须得到可持续发展。本文引入教育生态学的观点,关注高等教育的可持续发展问题,认为教育的生态平衡是高教可持续发展的最关键思想     

Underestimating busyness: Indications of nonresponse bias due to work-family conflict and time pressure

International research shows that both work-family conflict and time pressure are increasing in Western societies. With these increased pressures, precisely those people who are combining work and family obligations may be missing from survey estimates. This study investigates whether the measurement of work-family conflict (WFC) and time pressure is influenced by nonresponse bias. Using the Flemish “Work, Family and Time use in Flanders”-survey and the Basic Question survey for nonrespondents of this survey, we investigate whether nonrespondents score higher on subjective and objective indicators of WFC and time pressure than respondents. Results show that nonrespondents are indeed those sample units who experience significantly more WFC and time pressure, demonstrating that WFC and time pressure related nonresponse biases exist. Implications and suggestions to reduce bias in data collections are discussed.     

社会化养老服务的体系完善与效应提升：重庆例证

优先发展社会养老服务,重在把握不同地区及其城乡之间人口老化程度、需求状况。构建和完善覆盖城乡、全民共享的社会化养老服务体系,应突出政府主导作用,加大老有所养城乡统筹力度,形成全覆盖制度安排;适应市场需求,吸引社会力量广泛参与,促进社会养老服务多元化发展;营造全民关怀良好氛围,拓展关爱老年人社会公益活动的深度和广度。