男女大学生学习动力比较研究——基于上海理工大学1 398名学生的抽样分析

男女大学生性别差异会导致学习动力方面的差异,为找出影响男女大学生学习的潜在因子及ffn_~作用关系,将计划行为理论和结构方程模型相结合来建立男女大学生学习动力模型,对上海理工大学l398名学生的有效调查样本进行分析。结果表明,知觉行为控制变量可以作为实际控制条件的替代策略指标来直接预测行为发生的可能性,相比之下学习态度和学习行为规范对学习行为的影响相对较小,并在进一步的因子荷载比较分析中得出：三大变量的潜在要素对男女大学生学习动力的影响及其程度存在很大的差异,如女生的学习行为更加积极,男生则在自我学习控制能力和学习方法上难以适应要求,男女生普遍认为教课方式和课堂内容缺乏吸引力,女生对学习环境的要求更明显等。     

种粮大户售粮方式行为选择及影响因素分析——基于“PT”前景理论和Slogit模型

基于前景理论和黑龙江省地方和垦区460户种粮大户实地调查数据,利用Slogit模型,分析了种粮大户售粮方式行为选择的影响因素。研究结论显示,知识水平（文化程度、种粮总收入、身体状况、农业投入人口）、心智水平（粮食收成状况、现行粮食价格、未来价格预期、承担售粮风险）和主观愿望（通公路、入合作社）等变量对种粮大户售粮方式行为选择有较强的正向作用效应,而社会关系变量（掌握了储粮技术、获得信息的渠道）对种粮大户售粮方式行为选择的影响呈现出显著的负相关关系,充分表明种粮大户自身内在特征等变量对选择售粮方式的行为产生了重要的影响。     

农村婚姻迁移女性社会适应差异性研究

在社会流动背景下,因婚姻的缔结而产生女性人口迁移现象越来越普遍,但婚姻迁移女性并非是一个同质性的群体,她们之间存在着很大的差异,根据迁移目的和迁移过程,大致可以将其分为传统型、回迁型和双迁型三种类型,三种类型的婚姻迁移女性在一般特征和社会适应方面都存在着一些差异.     

农户耕地经营适度规模的合理确定:一个文献综述

以农户为视角,从研究对象、研究区域、使用方法及研究结论等方面全面综述了中国农户耕地经营适度规模确定问题的文献。已有研究显示,不同类型农户（粮农、茶农和果农）的适度经营规模差异较大;不同区域（主产区与非主产区）适度的规模之差异也较大;适度规模确定在很大程度上受到了所使用方法影响,不同方法计算的适度规模结果差异较大。最后对农地适度规模经营研究进行简要评论,提出未来研究方向。研究农户农地适度规模化经营,对于提高中国农业生产效率、促进农村地区经济发展具有深远的意义。     

专业主义视域下的关联专业群体间互动行为及其规范探索——以民航飞行具与空中交通管制具为例

关联专业群体问的互动行为通过相互关联的专业群体成员问的“参与协商”互动迭成均衡。由于互动双方拥有对等的不对称专业知识和信息,因而在互动过程中产生对等的机会主义倾向和行为的可能性大大增加,从而对客户或公众的感知和评价产生负面效应。有必要在互动中遵循专业主义意识形态下的互动伦理议题,规范互动双方的行为,消除理性行为选择的负面效用。     

A Profile of Adolescent Health

SUMMARY

As the adolescent population living in this country undergoes dramatic demographic changes in the 21st Century, increasing both in numbers and ethnic/racial diversity, practitioners and policy makers need to understand the prevalence of and trends in adolescent risk-taking behaviors, morbidity and mortality. Significant disparities in health status exist by ethnicity/race and gender in areas including: unintentional injury, violence, mental health, substance use, sexual behavior, and disease prevention. The epidemiological profile can help mobilize communities to address adolescent health issues. Developing effective interventions will require an ecological approach that builds on adolescents' assets and takes into account the contexts in which they live.     

Condom Use,Condom Refusal,and Substituted Sexual Behaviors Among Youth at Higher and Lower Risk for HIV Infection

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to describe sexual behaviors that youth substitute for protected intercourse when a partner refuses to use a condom or a condom is not used. Participants included: (a) 120 adolescents (mean age 17.2 years) undergoing substance abuse treatment and (b) 171 university students (mean age 21.3 years). The treatment sample reported significantly higher levels of discrete risk factors for HIV exposure. While only a small proportion of each sample experienced outright refusals by partners to use condoms, the majority of participants in each sample used condoms inconsistently with main partners. The university sample reported more substituted behaviors (lower risk and total) when partners did not want to use condoms. Yet, substantial proportions of participants in each sample engaged in unprotected intercourse. Implications for social work and health promotion efforts directed toward youth at risk for HIV/STD exposures are discussed.     

Intergenerational Conflict in Korean Immigrant Homes and Its Effects on Children's Psychological Well-Being

Abstract

This study is concerned with the nature of parent-child conflict in the Korean immigrant home and how such conflict impacts on children's self-esteem, depressive symptoms, sense of marginality and subsequently their coping behavior. Acculturative stresses of immigrant families and potential cultural sources for intergenerational conflict are explored. To test the relationship between intergenerational conflict and its impact on children's psychological well-being, the study relies upon 312 cases of survey data that were collected by Shalom Christian Counseling Center in Los Angeles in 1999-2001. Using a series of bivariate relationships and multiple regression analyses, we evaluate the relative effects of intergenerational relations and perceived marginality along with several demographic factors on dependent variables: self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and coping behavior. Our findings clearly demonstrate that conflictual intergenerational relations impact negatively on the psychological adaptation process of Korean immigrant children. Korean immigrant children whose conflict is not dealt with or resolved well tend to exhibit high depressive symptoms and low self-esteem, which also are associated with their perception of marginality in larger society. Females are more associated with depressive symptoms, but less on unhealthy coping behavior. Children whose residency is relatively shorter are less likely to show depressive symptoms and subsequently to engage less in negative coping behavior than are those who have resided longer in the U.S. These children tend to experience more unhealthy coping behavior than do children having stable relations with their parents at home. The implication of this study is discussed, and possible intervention methods are suggested.     

大学生网络行为去抑制化的类型与成因分析

网络这把“双刃剑”在满足大学生的发展需求的同时,也导致大学生去抑制化的网络行为。文章分析归纳了大学生网络行为去抑制化的类型及成因,提出了对策建议,旨在为规范大学生网络行为提供参考。     

‘Pain on Top of Pain,Hurtness on Top of Hurtness’: Social Discrimination,Psychological Well-Being,and Sexual Risk Among Women Living With HIV/AIDS

ABSTRACT

This qualitative study explored how a subsample (n = 26) of participants in Protect and Respect (N = 184), a safer-sex intervention for women living with HIV/AIDS (WLH/A), discussed their experiences of social discrimination and the impact of discrimination on their lives, psychological well-being, and risk behaviors during group intervention sessions. The majority of participants was Black (83%), earned less than $10,000 per year (80%), and acquired HIV through heterosexual sex (58%). Analyses demonstrated that social discrimination manifested in the women's lives as poverty, HIV/AIDS-related stigma, and gender inequality. These experiences caused intense psychological distress and limited WLH/A's ability to implement the safer-sex skills that they learned during the intervention. We discuss the applied and theoretical implications of our findings, advocating for HIV and sexual risk-reduction interventions that are based on an ecological framework that addresses holistically the individual, relational, and sociostructural factors that affect women's sexual risk behaviors.