新时代法治信仰建设:价值指向、心理机制与实践路径

法治信仰是现代法律信仰的核心,是对社会主义法治理念的充分信任和法律制度的自觉遵从。习近平法治思想作为我国法治建设的指导思想,为新时代中国特色社会主义法治信仰建设提供了价值指向,要以“五个坚持”为指导,营造有利于法治信仰生成的政治环境。从法治信仰的心理机制来看,人民群众在对法治价值有了初步认可后,便在价值体验的催化下形成法治价值观,继而在科学公正的立法、执法、司法、守法过程中坚定法治信念,实现法治信仰的升华。要引导全体人民拥护法治、做社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者和捍卫者,在立法、执法、司法以及法治宣传等实践中大力推进新时代法治信仰建设。     

On the logic of common belief and common knowledge

The paper surveys the currently available axiomatizations of common belief (CB) and common knowledge (CK) by means of modal propositional logics. (Throughout, knowledge — whether individual or common — is defined as true belief.) Section 1 introduces the formal method of axiomatization followed by epistemic logicians, especially the syntax-semantics distinction, and the notion of a soundness and completeness theorem. Section 2 explains the syntactical concepts, while briefly discussing their motivations. Two standard semantic constructions, Kripke structures and neighbourhood structures, are introduced in Sections 3 and 4, respectively. It is recalled that Aumann's partitional model of CK is a particular case of a definition in terms of Kripke structures. The paper also restates the well-known fact that Kripke structures can be regarded as particular cases of neighbourhood structures. Section 3 reviews the soundness and completeness theorems proved w.r.t. the former structures by Fagin, Halpern, Moses and Vardi, as well as related results by Lismont. Section 4 reviews the corresponding theorems derived w.r.t. the latter structures by Lismont and Mongin. A general conclusion of the paper is that the axiomatization of CB does not require as strong systems of individual belief as was originally thought — onlymonotonicity has thusfar proved indispensable. Section 5 explains another consequence of general relevance: despite the infinitary nature of CB, the axiom systems of this paper admit of effective decision procedures, i.e., they aredecidable in the logician's sense.     

公共利益的概念建构评析 ——行政伦理学的视角

文章系统地梳理了美国行政学理论发展过程中的“公共利益”观念的变迁;批判了诸种功利主义和技治主义行政学理论对于“公共利益”的片面甚至错误的看法;主张将“公共利益”取向视为行政人必备的一种精神,一种职业信仰和终极向往。     

Minimum power assignment in wireless ad hoc networks with spanner property

Power assignment for wireless ad hoc networks is to assign a power for each wireless node such that the induced communication graph has some required properties. Recently research efforts have focused on finding the minimum power assignment to guarantee the connectivity or fault-tolerance of the network. In this paper, we study a new problem of finding the power assignment such that the induced communication graph is a spanner for the original communication graph when all nodes have the maximum power. Here, a spanner means that the length of the shortest path in the induced communication graph is at most a constant times of the length of the shortest path in the original communication graph. Polynomial time algorithm is given to minimize the maximum assigned power with spanner property. The algorithm also works for any other property that can be tested in polynomial time and is monotone. We then give a polynomial time approximation method to minimize the total transmission radius of all nodes. Finally, we propose two heuristics and conduct extensive simulations to study their performance when we aim to minimize the total assigned power of all nodes. The author is partially supported by NSF CCR-0311174.     

身份与功能交互下的民间信仰景观——以青海西宁湟中县扎麻隆凤凰山为例

改革开放以后,特别是21世纪以来,“文化带动旅游,旅游搞活经济”的模式在全国已经成为常见的经济形态。在这样的大背景下,许多新建的、基于神话和民间信仰打造的旅游景观,与当地居民及海内外香客对民间信仰宗教化的理解,以及国家的宗教政策形成了一种微妙的平衡。作为一处旅游景观,扎麻隆凤凰山的九天圣都筹建于20世纪末,现已成为区域内闻名的民间信仰道场。扎麻隆凤凰山身份与功能的交互与矛盾,以及扎麻隆村权力格局对其影响无疑是值得关注和研究的现象。     

论土家族作家孙健忠小说的巫性书写

土家族作家孙健忠,后期创作了一系列具有神秘巫性色彩的小说,其致力于原始信仰的诗意表达和自然生命力的彰显,人神合一、人与动物神秘互渗、野性生命、本真人性、生殖崇拜等种种土家族巫文化元素渗透于作品之中,其巫性思维下的叙事方法则带给读者神秘的阅读体验。     

基于民俗仪式与符号阐释的《大傩图》补证

《大傩图》中人物极具符号性的装饰及道具所蕴含的民俗信仰因素,可以证明此图所画为仲春民间兼有驱傩、祈雨、娱乐功能的社火表演,更名为《社火图》较准确,不更名亦可。图中人物妆饰有“溪蛮”色彩,保有南方民族融合的痕迹。以执帚者为一号人物的一般说法可能有误,领队或一号人物当为蝶冠者。他们且行且吹打,滑稽搞笑,显然领队的临时掉头导致了队伍一团混乱,但此乱非真乱,抽去表象便可见队形乃呈反“S”或“龙抬头”状,属于(何意？)太极图式,具有深刻的寓意,且能最优化集中定格12个人物,如此匠心不能不令人击节。人物衣袍多着补子,而补子至明代方形成制度,故此图断代为宋值得怀疑。人物假面黑符至今仍存在于社火及戏曲脸谱中,当为我国戏曲脸谱之早期形式。     

从哲理诠释、精神信仰到成德成人——20世纪以来“致良知”教研究的基本定位与反思

“致良知”教作为王阳明思想的重要内容,既是其讲学的立言宗旨,又是王门诸子学习、实践活动中的思想纲领。20世纪以来,关于“致良知”教的研究主要形成了哲理诠释与精神信仰两种不同诠释路径。反观20世纪以来阳明“致良知”教的两种研究取径,都不可回避一个更为本质的问题——成德成人。成德成人的德性教养既是儒学一以贯之的内在精神,更是阳明“致良知”教的本旨意涵,其意义就在转化个体生命情感、精神意志的过程中显现出人人本有且知是知非的良知。在成德成人的基础上,哲理诠释的路径蕴涵着精神信仰的价值追求,而精神信仰的路径又表现出哲理诠释的普遍性面相。这既关涉如何体贴阳明哲学的真精神,也向当代儒学研究提出了应当如何诠释儒学传统价值的重要问题。     

“未预结局”：一个壮族社区社神信仰的断裂与重拾

受政治、经济和文化等因素的深刻影响，处于乡村社会之中的民间信仰体系经历着两次较大规模的由断到续的过程。这个过程在很大程度上反映的是新中国成立60多年来中国民众宗教生活的状态，是一部新中国成立以来的民众宗教生活史。该研究集中对此两次“未预结局”现象进行讨论，通过其在一个壮族社区生活场景中的具体呈现，以展示出前后两次断裂与重拾的实际状况，尽力寻找这些现象背后的社会力量，以及这种力量与当地人社会生活之间的紧密关系。