Cognitive distortions as a problem gambling risk factor in Internet gambling

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cognitive distortions in Internet gambling. The primary objectives were to determine whether cognitive distortions predict Internet gambling and investigate whether distorted gambling-related cognitions are associated with problem gambling severity among online gamblers. Three hundred and seventy four undergraduate participants (143 online gamblers, 172 males) completed an online questionnaire looking at demographics, play-related variables (duration, frequency and expenditures of play) and cognitive distortions. Variables were entered into a logistic regression model to predict online gambling. Three variables made independent contributions to predicting Internet gambling: male gender, higher frequency of play, and cognitive distortions. A hierarchical linear regression analysis with Internet gamblers revealed that cognitive distortions accounted for a proportion of the variance in problem gambling severity beyond variance accounted for by demographic variables and level of gambling involvement. Results suggest that cognitive distortions are a risk factor in online gambling.     

Psychometric evaluation of the inventory of Gambling Motives,Attitudes and Behaviours (GMAB) among Chinese gamblers

The present study aims to evaluate and refine the Inventory of Gambling Motives, Attitudes and Behaviours (GMAB) specifically designed to assess gambling-related cognitions and behaviours of Chinese gamblers with a random sample of 697 Chinese adults in Macao who were interviewed by telephone. Confirmatory factor analysis generally replicated the basic factor structure of the three domains of GMAB although the removal of several items with low factor loading or cross-loading was suggested. Moreover, the findings supported the addition of another motivational subscale, socialization. The revised version has six subscales of motives (self-worth, monetary gains, sensation seeking, boredom alleviation, learning and socialization), four of attitudes (fate and luck, negative consequences of gambling, techniques and superstition), and five of behaviours (impaired control, gambling involvement, arousal reaction, superstitious behaviour and controlled gambling). The psychometric properties of the revised GMAB (GMAB-R) were demonstrated to be satisfactory.     

The Effect of Education on the Sexual Beliefs of Family Physicians

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education regarding a healthy sex life on family physicians’ ideas concerning sexuality. Methods: A 3-hour interactive education program was prepared for family physicians. Thirty-seven family physicians and 21 students specializing in family medicine volunteered to participate in the program. Results: The level of agreement expressed by participants with 25 of the 31 dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the study decreased after training. Only marital status played a significant role in predicting change percentages in sexual beliefs. Conclusions: We think that programs concerning a healthy sex life should be added to physicians’ training.     

大学英语有效教学:现实羁绊与未来展望

目前大学英语教学存在重语言形式,轻语言功能;重教轻学,忽视学生主体作用;因材施教与学生异质的失调等有效教学的现实羁绊。正确、准确践行英语课堂学习自主性、改变教学观念、优化英语教学方法、丰富教师信念是有效提高课堂教学效果的关键。     

信仰是一种权力关系的建构——中国社会“信仰关系”的人类学分析

从杨庆堃的"制度宗教"、"扩散宗教",到弗里德曼的"中国宗教体系"等研究论著,皆说明宗教研究在中国总是一个很值得讨论的问题。至于宗教"信仰"在中国的问题可能更有争议。中国宗教是信仰的权力建构,是一种以神人之伦为基础的权力关系的建构。信仰对于中国人而言,常常是指以神人—人际交往关系为基础,涉及天下、国家、道德、民间社会的重要概念。中国宗教及其信仰具有一种独特的整体性,但其"信仰—关系"乃以神人交往、人伦要求为基础,伴随着家族、伦理、国家及其权力关系而逐步建构起来。因此,中国宗教中的神人交往及其信仰,常常呈现出一种个人信仰与家族、伦理、国家、权力之间重叠与互动的整体关系,进而使信仰关系与各种社会权力纠结为一体。     

乡土建构:村落生活中的信仰世界——以山西省原平市史家岗龙王庙传说及祭祀为例

民间信仰作为中国历史最悠久、影响最深远的宗教传统,很大程度上反映了中国民间社会的现实,学界对其已作出不少科学、客观的认识和有益探索。从相关传说和历史资料中构建山西原平史家岗龙王庙的信仰世界,揭示出村落信仰世界的建构实际上是民众对自身生存空间的理想化设计,并初步指出对民间信仰的合理引导、对庙宇象征资源的合理分配,可以使民间祠庙作为建设和谐社会的有效舞台。     

李提摩太以耶释佛英译《大乘起信论》探析

“佛学第一入门书”《大乘起信论》在20世纪最初十年两度英译,也引起了教、学两界的关注,其中,李提摩太以耶释佛的翻译方式更是引起了众多关注和争议。文章探讨了译本以耶释佛背后的价值取向以及李氏以耶释佛的表现形式,并尝试以新历史主义的方法考察文本背后的意识形态与历史、文化语境,进而发掘和肯定了译本的文化建构意义。     

信念之我见

信念作为哲学上的观念和范畴,它是人的具有坚定确信特性的观念,是实践主体对客体的能动反映,是人的经验和知识在大脑中的反复积淀,是理念客体化的主观手段,是认识、情感和意志相互作用的有机融合体。它具有理性和非理性相统一、稳定性和开放性相统一、现实性和可能性相统一、确定性和不确定性相统一的特征。我们从哲学的层面上来对信念范畴进行有益的研究和探讨,不仅有利于把握信念的本质、特征、类型,澄清理论上的误解,而且更重要的是树立正确的社会主义信念观,增强国家和民族的凝聚力。     

Knowledge-Based Representations of Risk Beliefs

Beliefs about risks associated with two risk agents, AIDS and toxic waste, are modeled using knowledge-based methods and elicited from subjects via interactive computer technology. A concept net is developed to organize subject responses concerning the consequences of the risk agents. It is found that death and adverse personal emotional and sociological consequences are most associated with AIDS. Toxic waste is most associated with environmental problems. These consequence profiles are quite dissimilar, although past work in risk perception would have judged the risk agents as being quite similar. Subjects frequently used causal semantics to represent their beliefs and "% of time" instead of "probability" to represent likelihoods. The news media is the most prevalent source of risk information although experiences of acquaintances appear more credible. The results suggest that "broadly based risk" communication may be ineffective because people differ in their conceptual representation of risk beliefs. In general, the knowledge-based approach to risk perception representation has great potential to increase our understanding of important risk topics.     

“被彩人生”：广西兴安过山瑶婚礼彩话及其人观研究

广西兴安过山瑶民众盛行讲彩话,尤其是在婚礼仪式上的各个环节都伴随有形式多样且内容丰富的彩话。婚礼彩话是整个婚礼不可或缺的关键组成部分,同时也是兴安过山瑶传统民族文化的锦上之花。在兴安瑶族地区,一场仪式齐全的婚礼及寓意吉祥的彩话在成人过程中占据着重要地位,这也成为当地人评价人生是否完满的一个标准。婚礼彩话在强化过山瑶族群认同感的同时,也成为区隔族群、构建自我与他者的重要工具。