Health Beliefs of College Students Born in the United States,China, and India

Abstract

The authors surveyed 243 urban public university students who were born in the United States, China, and India to compare the health beliefs of the China-born, India-born, and US-born students. Although the China- and India-born students shared beliefs in many preventive and therapeutic practices of Western medicine with the US-born students, they retained some of their traditional health beliefs. This suggests that student health service clinicians should assess students' cultural beliefs and individualize healthcare for students from different countries     

Welfare Workers' Cultural Models of Domestic Violence

ABSTRACT

Despite progress in policies and services for domestic violence, service use remains lower than the need suggests. This study, an analysis from a larger project on social service providers, examines welfare workers' shared beliefs about domestic violence. Using a mixed method design utilizing pile sorts (n = 38; 11 child welfare and 29 financial assistance), a survey (n = 57; 24 child welfare and 33 financial assistance), and in-depth interviews (n = 3; two child welfare and one financial assistance)—workers organized their ideas about factors that contribute to domestic violence, rated the factors along key dimensions of meaning (importance, controllability, characteristics of victims or perpetrators, and cause or effect), and shared experiences of their work with domestic violence cases. Financial assistance and child welfare workers organized their beliefs similarly demonstrating consensus on the importance of the factors, and shared beliefs about the factors that were causes and effects of domestic violence. In interviews, child welfare workers emphasized their focus on systems and collaboration. Despite areas of agreement, child welfare and financial assistance workers did not demonstrate consensus on ideas about domestic violence overall. The findings have implications for practice, specifically for improving responses to domestic violence and increasing the use of domestic violence services.     

Religion and Spirituality as Defined by Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This exploratory qualitative study examined the intrinsic definitions of spirituality and religion across three different religious or ethnic groups of older adults – Jewish, African American Protestants and Caucasian Protestants. The study explores how older adults from these various backgrounds self-identify with the terms religion and spirituality. Because both African-Americans and Jewish older adults are underrepresented in the research on spirituality and religion, their inclusion lends insights to this topic and helps to anchor the findings in a cross-cultural context. Focus groups were employed to understand how these groups characterize their relationship to spirituality and religion. Social work professionals can utilize these findings to work more effectively with the diverse and complex issues of older adults.     

Institutionalized Elderly:

Couples who have experienced institutionalization reveal unique problems while attempting to cope with drastic life changes. This paper describes an effort to help such couples through a group process.     

中国证券市场投资者异质信念性的实证研究——基于异质信念定价模型的有效矩估计法

基于异质信念定价模型分析,找到一个能准确反映投资者的异质信念性的新指标：投资者适应性选择的敏感度。运用有效矩估计法对其进行实证分析,发现这一新指标比常用的换手率更能准确反映出投资者的异质信念性,并且深市投资者的异质信念性比沪市更强,小盘股投资者的异质信念性比大盘股更强。     

Working Models of Marriage: An Application of Attachment Theory

Working models of marriage (WMM) is a unique application of attachment theory because it applies to beliefs about being a spouse and about another's ability to be one's spouse. It varies from generic working models of the self and other by its reflection of one's assumptions about marriage as a unique relationship form. Unmarried, young adults (n = 1,490) completed a survey that focused on family-of-origin, attachment, marital beliefs, and marital intentions constructs. Results indicated that two WMM dimensions were significantly predicted by the variables and that individuals grouped into four WMM classifications based on the two dimensions were likewise different among the variables. Implications for relationship confidence and for conceptual refinement are discussed.     

Transactional stress and anxiety control beliefs among low-income early adolescents

The current study examined perceptions of control over anxiety-related circumstances among early adolescents living in low-income housing from a dynamic perspective of multiple ecological influences. We hypothesized that, while relational and environmental factors would influence anxiety control beliefs, beliefs about the self would explain most of the variance. Individual interviews were conducted with 162 ethnically diverse early adolescents in grades 6–8 (M_age = 12, 52% female) from five urban public housing sites located in a large southwestern state. Linear regression models suggest a significant positive relationship with anxiety control beliefs and coping skills and social support. An inverse relationship with anxiety control beliefs was found for level of reported hassles, family conflict, low self-esteem, and school commitment. Recommendations for the development of preventive interventions are discussed.     

On Body Snatching: How the Rhetoric of Globalization Elides Cultural Difference in ‘Bodies… The Exhibition’

Rhetorical practices warrant analysis amid contemporary globalization, as discourses frame international museum and science-styled exhibit display practices by drawing attention toward idealized human global unity and away from concern for respecting differences between westerners and Chinese persons. Among such international practices, recent displays of deceased human bodies, cleaned and entertainingly posed, have appeared in museums and other exhibition centers in major cities around the world. These displays have given rise to significant ethical questions regarding the use of undocumented Chinese bodies. In this analysis of ‘Bodies… The Exhibition’, which has been central to those ethical questions, we examine how rhetorical strategies of realist discourse and identification through commonality invoke a rhetoric of globalization that reinforces western international privilege by situating plasticized Chinese bodies within truth claims about human similarity that eschew intercultural understandings and issues of intercultural respect.

Las prácticas retóricas justifican un análisis en medio de la globalización contemporánea, en la manera como los debates enmarcan a los museos internacionales y a las prácticas de exhibiciones de estilo científico, llamando la atención hacia la unidad global humana idealizada y lejos de alguna preocupación por respetar las diferencias entre las personas occidentales y chinas. Entre tales prácticas internacionales, exhibiciones recientes de cuerpos fallecidos, limpios y expuestos para entretener, han aparecido en museos y otros centros de exhibición en grandes ciudades alrededor del mundo. Estas exposiciones han dado origen a preguntas éticas de importancia sobre el uso de cuerpos chinos indocumentados. En este análisis sobre “Cuerpos – La Exhibición” que ha estado en el centro de esas preguntas éticas, analizamos cómo las estrategias retóricas de un debate realista y de identificación a través de elementos comunes, explican una retórica de la globalización que refuerza el privilegio internacional occidental, al situar cuerpos chinos plastificados mediante las pretensiones de la verdad sobre la similitud humana, que rechaza a los entendimientos interculturales y asuntos del respeto intercultural.

当代全球化中的修辞实践（惯例）为分析辩解,这一点在国际博物馆的话语和吸引人们的注意力到理想化的人类全球大团结和远离尊重西方人和中国人之间差异的关切的科学风格的展览实践中得到反映。在这些国际实践中,被清洁的和娱乐性地姿势的死亡人体的最近展出,已经出现在世界各大都市的博物馆和其它展览中心。

这些展出已经引出了有关使用未有正式注册的华人尸体（the use of undocumented Chinese bodies）的严重的道德问题。本文是关于“尸体. . .展览”的分析,中心是针对这些道德问题,检讨通过共同性的现实主义话语和认证的修辞策略如何援引某种全球化的修辞来加强西方的国际特权, 即把塑化的华人尸体置于关于人类相似性的真理情境下,这种相似性回避了跨文化的理解和跨文化尊重的种种议题。

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Риторический анализ гарантирует практику на фоне современной глобализации, в качестве дискурса - создание Международного музея и разработанные наукой методы экспозиции, привлекающие внимание к идеализированному человеческому глобальному единству и отвлекающие от беспокойства за соблюдение различий между западными жителями и китайскими людьми. Среди таких международных практик недавние выставки мертвых человеческих тел, очищенных и расставленных в забавных позах, они появились в музеях и выставочных центрах крупных городов всего мира. Эти демонстрации привели к значительным этическим вопросам по поводу использования недокументированных китайских органов. В анализе "Тела…Выставка”, который занимает центральное место в этих этических вопросах, мы рассмотрим, как риторические стратегии реалистического дискурса и идентификации через общность призывают риторику глобализации, которая усиливает западную международную привилегию совмещать пластифицированные китайские органы и утверждения об истинности сходства людей, и которая сторонится межкультурных соглашений и вопросов межкультурного уважения.     

Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians and Their Relationship with Gender Role Beliefs in a Sample of Chilean University Students

ABSTRACT. This paper analyzes the relation between gender role beliefs and prejudice toward gay men and lesbians in Chile. Participants were Chilean university students (N = 283). Results indicate that men are more prejudiced than women and religious people are more prejudiced than non-religious people. On the other hand, gender role beliefs mediate sex differences in prejudice. The participants' more traditional gender role beliefs hold more negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Men are more prejudiced than women, particularly in their attitudes toward gay men. In addition, sex differences in attitudes toward lesbians and gay men are mediated by gender role beliefs.     

Earthquake Beliefs and Adoption of Seismic Hazard Adjustments

This study investigated the prevalence of both accurate and erroneous earthquake-related beliefs among a sample of Southern California college students and the relationship between their endorsement of earthquake beliefs and adoption of seismic hazard adjustments. In addition, the study examined the effects of an experimental earthquake education program and the impact of need for cognition on this program. The data revealed a significant degree of agreement with earthquake myths, a generally low level of correlation between earthquake beliefs and the level of hazard adjustments, and a significant effect of hazard information on the endorsement of accurate earthquake beliefs and increases in hazard adjustment. Compared with the "Earthquake Facts (Only)" format, an "Earthquake Myths versus Facts" format was slightly more useful for dispelling erroneous beliefs. Further, there was a tendency for those who were high in need for cognition to have higher levels of hazard adjustment. Finally, there was weak support for the hypothesis that those who were low in need for cognition would develop more accurate earthquake beliefs and higher levels of hazard adjustment in the "Earthquake Myths versus Facts" information condition.