Violence in the name of god? A framing processes approach to the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria

Since summer 2014, the insurgent group ‘Islamic State in Iraq and Syria’ (ISIS) has become a major concern for international politics and global security due to its rapid territorial gains, violent operations and the propagation of Salafi-jihadist ideology. This study aims to enhance the academic understanding of ISIS by demystifying the ideological reasoning behind its use of violence. It therefore investigates the link between structural factors that served ISIS’s evolution, its ideological outlook and the significance of this ideology to legitimize violent action. As its theoretical basis, the study employs framing processes within the study of social movements. Methodologically, discursive frame analysis serves to explore the relation of ISIS’s ideology to structural events and experiences to better understand how the group justifies violence. Therefore, the study draws on audio speeches and issues of the magazines Dabiq and Dar al-Islam published by ISIS, which are examined on the rhetoric of othering, collective identity and justifying violence. It is argued that ISIS constructs a collective action frame which creates a social reality that bestows the group with a rationale for action. ISIS’s ideology, based on Islamic symbolism, presents an interpretative lens which assigns meaning to the structural environment of ISIS’s emergence. In this context, violence is justified as a necessity to defend Islam and as an obligation for the true Muslim believer. The discussion concludes that ISIS’s ideology legitimizes the very existence of the group and conceals its mundane struggle for power, territory and wealth through reference to divine authority.     

Beyond ‘bikelash’: engaging with community opposition to cycle lanes

This article explores the phenomenon of ‘bikelash’, or organised community opposition to cycle lanes. Urban residents commonly cite bicycle lanes, a space on the road reserved for cyclists, as the infrastructure most likely to encourage them to cycle. Yet the introduction of cycle lanes is often controversial. This article explores the phenomenon of bikelash, asking: Why does it occur? And what are the best ways to respond to it? A critical review of the literature on ‘contested’ cycle lane projects is undertaken in order to explore how this phenomenon can best be conceptualised within a mobilities framework.     

农业供给侧结构性改革：理论逻辑和决策思路

农业供给侧改革是农业生产力与生产关系的重大变革,不仅仅是结构性改革,同时也是功能性改革和组织性改革。从宏观经济分析框架入手,阐述农业“需求侧”与“供给侧”的相互关系,以科斯参照系替代新古典的阿罗-德布罗参照系,初步提出现代农业生产-供给体系理论;重新认识现代农业,尝试性地提出现代农业的“三维系统”理论,从学理上基本厘清了供给侧结构性改革的理论逻辑。研究认为,农业生产-供给系统是“生产要素+技术+组织形式+制度安排”的有机综合体。据此提出农业供给侧改革决策的一个核心是思维创新,两个关键是科技创新和制度创新。     

学业自我概念的建构研究述评

学业自我概念是指个体在学业情境中形成的对自己在学业发展方面的比较稳定的认知、体验和评价。学业自我概念的建构一直是研究者广泛关注的一个重要研究方向。目前,交互影响模型、大鱼小池效应、内/外参照模型及其相关整合模型是学业自我概念建构的主要理论模型,揭示了比较方式对学业自我概念建构的重要影响性。在未来的研究中要加强对学业自我概念建构的跨文化研究、加强不同比较方式之间的整合研究、改善学业自我概念的建构研究范式。     

城市公共自行车系统定价模式比较研究

面对城市交通拥堵的压力,国内外越来越多的城市建设了公共自行车系统.从公共定价角度,可以将中国公共自行车系统定价模式分为不收费的公共池塘资源模式、低收费的准公共物品模式和高收费的私人物品模式.本研究选取武汉、杭州、北京三座城市为典型案例代表,对其公共自行车定价模式进行分析.研究发现,不收费的公共池塘资源模式与高收费的私人物品模式都不适合中国公共自行车系统的运行.鉴于此,为了促进城市公共自行车系统的有效运行,政府应积极参与并给予适当的财政补贴与政策扶持,公共定价始终不能偏离公共性宗旨.     

Sexual Concerns and Counseling Needs of Normal Men Attending a University Student Health Service

Abstract

The responses of 582 male university students attending the UCLA Student Health Service for medical evaluation are presented. Of these students, 37% (215) were freshmen and varsity athletes having pretraining physicals, and 63% (367) were students being evaluated in the SHS primary care clinics. A self-report questionnaire examined the frequency of sexual problems experienced by the respondents and their partners. The most common concerns expressed about themselves were orgasmic difficulties, feeling too interested in sex, and trouble getting and keeping erections. Forty-one percent of the SHS group and 33% of the athletes group had sexual concerns, and, of these, 55% and 40% respectively wanted help with their problems. Specific counseling needs of students were also evaluated.     

婚姻家庭“输入—输出”的公共政策过程分析

婚姻家庭本质上是个人的私域领域,然而,由于涉关社会秩序稳定、充当社会"缓冲阀",又被纳入到公共领域。婚姻家庭在公共领域中体现为国家与政府的公共政策,具有公共政策过程的一般特征,可采用"输入—输出"分析。在输入端,近代以来的多元化价值观在社会中的广泛传播,致使婚姻家庭在公共政策输入时有所异化。在输出端,现实中的婚姻家庭异化为"假结(离)婚"、"巨婴"、"啃老"、"婚姻不忠诚"、"昂贵彩礼(嫁妆)"、"婚姻仪式杂乱"等问题。婚姻家庭公共政策的根本问题在于"输入—输出"中社会公众对婚姻家庭公共政策的有限度参与导致的。在国家治理现代化转型背景下,婚姻家庭向往自由人际关系,意味着国家的适当介入可有效促使婚姻家庭公共政策改进。     

笑借青光看众生——王蒙小说《青狐》的后现代话语与笔法技巧的特殊组合

对王蒙的长篇小说《青狐》的评论,各方面褒贬不一。文章从其后现代话语与传统笔法技巧相结合的特色入手,着重透过其艺术结构与表现手法,凸现小说深层内涵之历史境象与其精神核心在当代的重要意义。同时,借以澄清对小说的误读。     

知识创新规律的理论框架

知识创新是一项系统工程.知识创新系统工程图为知识创新规律提供了一个理论框架.围绕着这个理论框架的讨论,可得出很多新的有益结论.