多元一体与多民族国家政治整合

如何协调民族多元与国家一体的关系,是多民族国家政治整合要解决的基本问题,也是现代多民族国家面临的基本问题。"多元一体"是多民族国家民族结构的显著特征。我国是一个主体民族的多民族结构的多民族国家。"多元一体"理论是对我国一个主体民族的多民族结构的理论升华,也为我国多民族国家的政治整合提供了理论依据。在这一理论指导下,我国多民族国家的政治整合要以中华民族多元一体格局作为现实起点。     

Identity as a site of difference: toward a complex understanding of identity in multilingual,multicultural classrooms

Cummins suggested that within a social context of unequal power relations, classroom interactions are never neutral, but located on a continuum ranging between the reinforcement of coercive relations of power and the promotion of collaborative relations of power. Drawing on this understanding, the purpose of this paper is to examine instructional practices and interactional dynamics in elementary English as a Second Language (ESL) classes to explore the impact of the English-dominant instructional context on emergent bilingual students’ access to and investment in literacy learning. The paper is based upon a selection of data from a collaborative research project conducted in a multilingual, multicultural elementary school in a large Canadian city. The paper describes students’ creation of multimodal, multilingual stories about their migration experiences and explores how making these stories opened opportunities for negotiating understandings of students’ identifications. The paper concludes that, though relations of power tend to endure in English language teaching, pedagogical pivot points exist, offering the possibility to transform these understandings through an affective practice and relation.     

Gender Quotas for Agricultural Boards: Changing Constructions of Gender?

This article explores the processes by which gender is given meaning through social interaction in boardrooms. In Norway, alongside mandatory quotas regulating the composition of Public Limited Company boards, voluntary quotas were designed to increase women's membership on the boards of agricultural co‐operatives. This radical step to secure a minimum of 40 per cent women makes these boards an interesting site for investigating the construction of gender in a traditionally male‐dominated organization. In the debate, arguments in favour of a quota accentuated diversity and differences between women's and men's competences, opinions and values. The analysis of interview data from the boards of four agricultural co‐operatives suggests that equal representation is a muted, taken‐for‐granted value. Equality and diversity are not understood as incompatible ideas, and gender is produced dynamically through practice rather than constituted as an inherent, fixed attribute. Gender as difference is less pervasive than expected as women tend to be recognized as belonging to the gender‐neutral category of a board representative despite any recognized differences. The study demonstrates that voluntary quotas may change the context and both challenge old assumptions and promote new understandings of gender in local situations.     

To Regulate Or Not To Regulate? Early Evidence on the Means Used Around the World to Promote Gender Diversity in the Boardroom

Despite the growing public concern in recent years about the place of women in business, gender diversity in corporate governance has made little progress. As a consequence, the issue has captured the worldwide attention of policymakers. Several countries are currently adopting or considering the adoption of laws or regulations to promote gender diversity on corporate boards. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of using legislative or regulatory means to increase female representation instead of allowing firms to voluntarily fix their own non‐legally binding targets. We find that the relation between gender diversity and performance is positive in countries using the voluntary approach while it is negative in countries using the regulatory approach. We conclude that public policy aimed at increasing the number of women on corporate boards should be introduced gradually and voluntarily rather than quickly and coercively to avoid sub‐optimal board composition.     

以诗歌重塑民族心灵--1930年代吴经熊的双语写作与诗学观念

吴经熊在民国时期不但是著名的法学家,而且也是享有声誉的文学家。他既参与创办英文期刊,发表大量中国古典诗歌的英译作品,同时也热衷于写作汉语旧体诗。本文通过梳理英文期刊的资料,还原当时文学氛围的疏离与语言环境的分裂,考察吴经熊向英语世界译介中国古典诗歌的策略与动机;并可得出结论,他的双语实践不仅以“唐诗四季”诗学观念回应“感时忧国”的抒情传统,而且主张以诗歌重塑中国人的民族心灵,期待可以克服现代性危机,超越东西方文化的权力等级。     

How diversity gets lost: Age and gender in design practices of information and communication technologies

ABSTRACT

This article adopts an intersectional approach to investigate how age, gender, and diversity are represented, silenced, or prioritized in design. Based on a comparative study of design practices of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for young girls and older people, this article describes differences and similarities in the ways in which designers tried to cope with diversity. Ultimately diversity was neglected, and the developers relied on hegemonic views of gender and age, constructed older people and young girls as an “other,” and consequently their input was neglected. These views were thus materialized in design and reinforce such views in powerful yet unobtrusive ways.     

乐业县同乐林场两栖爬行动物多样性研究及保护

2006年7月对乐业县同乐林场的两栖爬行动物资源进行了调查,结果表明:该地共有两栖爬行动物39种。其中,两栖动物13种,隶属于5属4科1目;爬行动物26种,隶属于21属10科2目。区系特点为:(1)物种组成较丰富;(2)华中-华南区种类丰富;(3)区系组成较简单,以东洋型和南中国型为主;(4)特有种所占比例较低。建议加强对该地两栖爬行动物物种多样性及其生境的保护,合理开发利用两栖爬行动物资源。     

价值观的多样性和社会主义核心价值观

现阶段,我国社会客观存在的各种思想和价值观念相互交织、激荡和碰撞,此消彼长,呈现出"一元主导,多样并存"的趋势,价值多样性在很大程度上猛烈地冲击着社会主义核心价值体系的建设。因此,对于将社会主义核心价值观作为引领价值多样性具有重大的现实指导意义。     

医科大学生就业期望与职业获得的比较研究

文章通过对大学毕业生就业期望的调查,与当年他们的实际职业获得进行比较,结果显示:大学生就业期望值会根据就业形势而发生变化,表现为灵活而理性的主动选择。同时,所学专业、考研、较高的就业期望仍是制约充分就业的重要因素。     

大学双语教学的目标研究

文章在理解双语教学内涵的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,强调培养大学生中西结合的思维方式是高校开展双语教学的关键,分析了中西方思维方式的主要差异和目前我国高校双语教学存在的问题,提出以培养大学生中西结合的思维方式为目标的双语教学的措施。