Toward a social relational model of Deaf childhood

This paper advances a social relational model of Deaf childhood as a guiding framework for working with Deaf children in a present-day universal neonatal hearing screening and early intervention context. The authors discuss how Deaf children are contextualized in a medical model discourse, in a social model of Deaf childhood, and in a Deaf culture discourse. A social relational model is then discussed in with reference to a capability approach and to findings from the first author’s study of parents and young children participating in an American Sign Language shared reading program in Ontario, Canada.     

龙山靛房乡双语调查报告

以湖南龙山靛房乡双语使用情况为研究对象,用调查实例说明该地区的双语类型和使用特点,分析该地区双语形成和发展的原因及规律,探究土家族地区双语发展趋势及双语发展所产生的新问题。     

Phonemic contrasts under construction? Evidence from Basque

Attunement theories of speech perception development suggest that native‐language exposure is one of the main factors shaping infants' phonemic discrimination capacity within the second half of their first year. Here, we focus on the role of acoustic–perceptual salience and language‐specific experience by assessing the discrimination of acoustically subtle Basque sibilant contrasts. We used the infant‐controlled version of the habituation procedure to assess discrimination in 6‐ to 7‐month and 11‐ to 12‐month‐old infants who varied in their amount of exposure to Basque and Spanish. We observed no significant variation in the infants' discrimination behavior as a function of their linguistic experience. Infants in both age‐groups exhibited poor discrimination, consistent with Basque adults finding these contrasts more difficult than some others. Our findings are in agreement with previous research showing that perceptual discrimination of subtle speech sound contrasts may follow a different developmental trajectory, where increased native‐language exposure seems to be a requisite.     

The impact of socioeconomic status and population size on the use of the Tatar language at home

Based on econometric methods, we found that Tatar children from families with better material conditions and those who live in bigger cities are more likely to use the Russian language at home. Although Tatar seems to be well protected, thanks to local language policies after perestroika, we found some warning signs for the reformulation of public policies for the maintenance and development of minority languages in Russia.     

De los Derechos Humanos: Reimagining Civics in Bilingual & Bicultural Settings

Dominant approaches to teaching social studies often marginalize bilingual and bicultural students. This is particularly troubling because the explicit goal of the social studies is to cultivate civic participation. Educational inequalities are thus tied to political inequalities. In light of this, this article shares a narrative case study of the author's own bilingual and bicultural approach to teaching middle school civics at a dual-language American school in Mexico. Through the illustration of a comparative civics curriculum that incorporates translanguaging practices, the author argues that embracing bilingualism and biculturalism in the social studies can lead to more expansive possibilities for justice-oriented civic education.     

试析贵州少数民族地区双语使用的特点

贵州少数民族地区的人们在日常生活中不仅用自己的母语进行交际,在特殊的场合中还使用其他民族语言进行交际,出现一种“双语”或“多语”使用的现象.但由于各民族所处环境不一样,出现了不一样的特点.大致为,既以本民族语言作为主要的交际工具,又以汉语或其他少数民族语言为辅助交际工具;以汉语作为日常的主要交际工具,同时以他民族语言作为辅助交际工具等.     

30年来中国少数民族双语教育研究发展与现状

从少数民族双语教育研究论文、少数民族双语教育研究论著、少数民族双语教育学术团体及学术会议这三个方面着手,调查少数民族双语教育在中国内地31年以来的发展和现状,发现其中存在的问题,分析总结这些现象,并提出建议和展望.     

黔西南州布依-汉双语消长的成因分析

布依-汉双语是黔西南布依族苗族自治州布依族地区广泛存在的语言使用现象.可分为布依族母语强势型、汉语强势型和布依族母语濒危型三种类型.布依一汉双语消长的成因主要有4个方面.在未来一段时期内,布依族母语和汉语在黔西南地区不同双语类型中将出现不同的发展趋势.     

Two Generations, Two Strategies: The Fate of Bare English–origin Nouns in Ukrainian

The status of lone nouns of one language in discourse of another is often ambiguous, since they typically provide few indications of their language membership. Making use of the facts of linguistic variability in each of Ukrainian and English, we examine the quantitative conditioning of such forms in bilingual performance data. Results yield a synchronic portrait of the integrated loanword, even when it bears no surface indication of that integration, is neither recurrent nor widespread, and has no history of attestation or other status in the language. Distinguishing the languages involved in the contact situation (Canada) as produced by the first generation (G₁) or the second generation (G₂), further reveals that G₁ speakers incorporate borrowed items – nonce or established – into recipient language discourse by applying to them the fine details of their native language constraints on linguistic variability. In contrast, G₂ speakers' treatment of English-origin nouns coincides neither with their own treatment of Ukrainian nouns nor with G₁ speakers' treatment of Ukrainian or English–origin nouns.     

Limits of the Literal: Five Recent Books About Metaphor

Charles Forceville. Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising.
Raymond W. Gibbs Jr. The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language and Understanding.
Andrew Ortony (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. (2nd edition)
Gerard Steen. Understanding Metaphor in Literature: an Empirical Approach.
Roger M. White. The Structure of Metaphor