刑法因果关系二元区分之提

刑法因果关系应包含定罪和量刑两方面,且各自内容应有所区分。如此提倡之根据,在于其能有效填补当前刑法因果关系相关研究之空缺,弥补当下刑法理论体系性之不足。其有效改变了特定结果的刑法适用缺少理论根基之现状,实现刑法理论与司法实践的统一。二元区分下,遵循量刑因果关系特殊的内容判断和程度判断规则,是规范量刑活动、实现罪刑相适应、加强人权司法保障的必然要求。     

Testing homogeneity of difference of two proportions for stratified correlated paired binary data

In ophthalmologic or otolaryngologic study, each subject may contribute paired organs measurements to the analysis. A number of statistical methods have been proposed on bilateral correlated data. In practice, it is important to detect confounding effect by treatment interaction, since ignoring confounding effect may lead to unreliable conclusion. Therefore, stratified data analysis can be considered to adjust the effect of confounder on statistical inference. In this article, we investigate and derive three test procedures for testing homogeneity of difference of two proportions for stratified correlated paired binary data in the basis of equal correlation model assumption. The performance of proposed test procedures is examined through Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results show that the Score test is usually robust on type I error control with high power, and therefore is recommended among the three methods. One example from otolaryngologic study is given to illustrate the three test procedures.     

Identifying intraclass correlations necessitating hierarchical modeling

Hierarchical binary outcome data with three levels, such as disease remission for patients nested within physicians, nested within clinics are frequently encountered in practice. One important aspect in such data is the correlation that occurs at each level of the data. In parametric modeling, accounting for these correlations increases the complexity. These models may also yield results that lead to the same conclusions as simpler models. We developed a measure of intraclass correlation at each stage of a three-level nested structure and identified guidelines for determining when the dependencies in hierarchical models need to be taken into account. These guidelines are supported by simulations of hierarchical data sets, as well as the analysis of AIDS knowledge in Bangladesh from the 2011 Demographic Health Survey. We also provide a simple rule of thumb to assist researchers faced with the challenge of choosing an appropriately complex model when analyzing hierarchical binary data.     

信仰—冲突—和谐——论从一元思维到多元思维的转变

以思维的对象为分类依据，思维可以分为一元思维、二元思维和多元思维。一元思维是人类思维发展的起始阶段，它的特征主要表现为服从、信仰和崇拜；二元思维是人类主观能动性不断发展和膨胀阶段，它的典型特征是对立、冲突、矛盾和斗争；多元思维是在反思二元思维后期阶段所带来的人类发展的困境基础上而产生的注重多元和谐发展的阶段，它的特征主要表现为交流性、兼容性、有机性、差异性、多样性、共生性和互补性。人类从一元思维到多元思维的转变，使得人类社会行为经历了从信仰状态进入冲突状态又到今天人们追求和谐共生状态的改变。     

超越善恶二元对立：《瓦斯冈萨雷斯》中的 价值观对话

《瓦斯冈萨雷斯》是美国南方作家威廉 吉尔摩 西姆斯创作的殖民冒险罗曼司，也是一部具有反殖民主义倾向的小说。从小说含混的善恶二元对立结构与人物塑造入手，借用尼采对伦理道德的重写，不难发现，作者将主人公菲利普及其对头德 索托之间的立场冲突，呈现为被殖民者及殖民者之间的价值观对话；其善恶性质，则可以视为主体与他者之间权力运作机制的符码。在詹姆逊“政治无意识”理论观照下，这种善恶对立以具体历史语境中的价值体系即意识形态素的矛盾对立方式呈现，形成伦理学意义上的道德两难与含混性，并成为作者含蓄地为印第安人辩护发声的有力武器。     

高能Au+Au碰撞末态多重数赝快度分布研究

利用Glauber模型,计算出核核碰撞中的参与者数、旁观者数及二元核子核子碰撞数.考虑到能量损失和旁观者效应对末态带电粒子赝快度分布的影响,通过对核子核子碰撞快度分布的逐次叠加得到核核碰撞末态带电粒子的赝快度分布.并用其讨论了PHOBOS合作组在高能Au+Au碰撞所做的实验测量.理论与实验结果符合得很好.