读者在翻译中的地位及其反作用

读者是翻译过程中不可或缺的因素,读者不是被动的接受者,而是作品意义的主动建构者,能对翻译过程产生一定的反作用。通过回顾读者在翻译中地位的演变,探讨读者在影响译者对翻译作品的选择、翻译方法的选择、修辞手法的选择以及译者的遣词造句等四个方面的反作用。     

中药不良反应的监管对策分析

从介绍药品不良反应的概念入手,阐述了中药不良反应的特点,提出了加强中药不良反应监管力度的设想,以及要对法律责任加以认定并对损害受害者加以救济的观点。     

生物化学设计性实验的探索与实践

以培养学生创新精神和提高学生实践能力为重点,探讨了生物化学设计性实验的教学模式与教学实践过程,并就当前设计性实验存在的问题提出几点看法.     

Toward Cost-Benefit Analysis of Acute Behavioral Effects of Toluene in Humans

There is increasing interest in being able to express the consequences of exposure to potentially toxic compounds in monetary terms in order to evaluate potential cost-benefit relationships of controlling exposure. Behavioral effects of acute toluene exposure could be subjected to cost-benefit analysis if the effects of toluene were quantitatively compared to those of ethanol ingestion, which has been monetized for applied contexts. Behavioral effects of toluene and ethanol were quantified by meta-analysis of studies from the peer-reviewed literature describing their effects on choice reaction time (reaction time in a test requiring a subject to choose among two or more alternatives before responding). The internal doses of these compounds were estimated by a general physiological and toxicokinetic (GPAT) simulation from exposure parameters provided in the reports. The reported effects were converted to a common metric (proportion of baseline) and related to the estimated internal doses of toluene and ethanol, from which dose-effect equations were fitted. The estimated effect of toluene was compared to the estimated effect of ethanol on the same dependent variable by deriving a dose-equivalence equation (DEE) to express the dose of toluene as an equivalent dose of ethanol on the basis of equal effect magnitude. A nomogram was constructed by GPAT simulation to relate the environmental exposure concentration of toluene to the equivalent effect magnitude of a range of ethanol internal doses. Behavioral effects and their evaluation are determined by internal doses, which in turn are determined by a variety of variables. In addition to concentration and duration of exposure, which determine internal dose by pharmacokinetic processes, the activity level of exposed persons is a major factor. This analysis provides a continuous function of the consequences of toluene exposure expressed as ethanol-equivalent doses within confidence limits. The resulting function has the potential to estimate the monetary values of behavioral deficits caused by a range of exposures to toluene from existing monetized information on ethanol.     

热力学在无机制备中的应用

从化学热力学出发,将无机制备中的化学反应分成四种反应类型,并由热力学原理讨论了化学反应的自发方向,应用耦合反应改变化学反应的条件,为无机制备提供了理论基础,使化学热力学在无机制备中起到重要的指导作用。     

卧式恒温比色池的制作及应用

本文报告了一种卧式恒温比色池的设计和制作方法,测定了它的主要性能。该比色池可与国产72型,721型和751型分光光度计配套。应用这种自制的恒温比色池测定了丙酮溴化反应的动力学参数。     

西佛碱络合物的合成及研究

本文报导了五个2,6—二甲酰基,4—甲基苯酚(DFMP)与氨基酸生成的西佛碱络合物的合成,并对这些络合物进行了红外、紫外、元素分析等表征分析;同时对两个铜络合物做了环电位扫描分析.     

羧酸盐水溶液阳极氧化机理的现场红外光谱研究

本文用现场付里叶红外反射——吸收光谱法和循环伏安法研究了在铂电极上醋酸盐水溶液的电化学行为。发现在电极表面上有中间产物——醋酸参与电化学反应,且随反应进程有规律的变化.     

挫折及其防卫

从理论和实践的角度,分析了挫折的起因、个体遭受挫折后的反应、挫折的防卫以及如何提高挫折的承受力。     

分子的可极化性与烯烃亲电加成反应活性

利用PMO理论讨论了烯烃的FMO与分子的可极化性关系以及分子的可极化性对烯烃亲电加成反应活性的影响.