石油企业自主创新联盟的影响因素分析

资源及能力的有限性使得企业在自主创新过程中将面临巨大的风险,而自主创新联盟有助于企业通过知识、技术等资源的互补实现关键技术的突破,以达到共赢。故以石油企业为例,在定性分析的基础上,提出影响石油企业自主创新联盟的主要因素,通过因子分析及信度检验,认为利益、风险、伙伴关系、行业环境及潜在能力是影响石油企业自主创新联盟的主要因素。     

基于多智能体的军队油料动态优化调拨系统研究

本文将Multi-Agent理论与方法引入到军队油料调拨领域,对油料动态优化调拨问题进行描述与求解,提出基于Multi-Agent的油料动态优化调拨体系结构,构造面向油料保障过程的各类Agent及其运行机制,建立相应的油料动态优化调拨模型,阐明基于Multi-Agent的油料保险资源分布式管理,对提高军队油料保障的速度和效益具有重要意义。     

Health Risk Assessment After Decontamination of the Beaches Polluted by the Wrecked ERIKA Tanker

Following the wreck of the oil tanker ERIKA off the north-west coast of France in December 1999, cleaning up of the beaches involved considerable work, which in any case could not be perfect. This raised the question of the short- and long-term health risks for the future bathers related to the toxicity of the remaining oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This risk assessment study was conducted to help health authorities plan risk management policies and inform the public. Thirty-six beaches were selected, representing a sample of the most frequently encountered topographic and beach usage situations; seven "control" beaches, unspoiled by ERIKA, were also investigated. Samples of water and sand were taken from each site, as well as from the surface of rocks. The 16 PAHs selected by the U.S. EPA were quantified in each environment. Several scenarios of exposure were contemplated: (1) a child between 2 and 4 years accidentally ingesting a small ball of fuel, (2) a child daily exposed throughout his holiday-time stay, (3) an adult (including a pregnant woman) spending his/her holidays on the coast, (4) an adult working on the beach, (5) and an adult practicing water sports. Among the available and significant toxicological values, the most conservative ones were selected for computing risks. The sand and water, after decontamination, were slightly polluted (respectively, 7.8 microg/kg and 23.3 ng/l of total 16 PAHs), with values similar to those found in the control beaches. By contrast, the rocky areas in some places were still highly polluted (up to 23 mg/kg on the surface layer). No lethal risk was found for a young child who had accidentally ingested a small ball of fuel. The life-long excess risks for skin cancer and for all other cancers were about 10-5 in scenarios including contact with the polluted rocks. In all other cases, excess risks were considerably lower. The hazard quotient for teratogenic effects was very small, except in scenarios where pregnant women would walk among rocks containing high pollution levels. In conclusion, exposure was mainly associated with polluted water among children, and with spoiled rocks for adults. Despite uncertainties, mainly dealing with the prediction of long-term risks following a short-term exposure, this study showed that beaches where pollution was no longer visible after decontamination did not entail any significant health risks and could be opened to the public.     

An Elixir for Development? Olive Oil Policies and Poverty Alleviation in the Middle East and North Africa

The evolution of olive oil markets has sparked interest in policies that promote olive oil as a means of inducing rural development across the Middle East and North Africa. This article describes policies that link olive oil markets to rural development in Morocco, Syria and Tunisia and evaluate their effectiveness. It uses a framework that combines producer heterogeneity and market differentiation to describe how rural poverty impacts will be shaped by production, quality and marketing constraints. While the flow of olive oil from producers to the market may have increased, that of information and incentives in the reverse direction is still limited, something that too few olive oil policies aim to improve.     

近代湘西桐油贸易研究

湘西桐油贸易在中国历史上曾经获得了巨大发展，尤其是晚清至民国时期，其发展尤其引人注目。近代湘西桐油贸易可分为初步发展、短暂繁荣和衰落三个时期。本文就此三个时期展开论述，分析湘西桐油贸易发展的情况及其兴衰的原因。     

石油基金法律制度国际经验及其启示

建立石油基金是石油生产国破解资源诅咒和富饶悖论的制度之一,实现石油收益在各利益相关者之间的公正分配、石油基金管理的公开透明及其功能的多元化是其共同特征。我国现有的石油资源管理和税费制度尚不能完全解决石油收益分配不公和功能单一的问题,因此,有必要在借鉴国外经验的基础上,建立具有分配、储蓄和稳定功能的石油基金制度。     

料场油管清洗及保护技术

料场油管露天堆放 ,在存放期间受大气影响易锈蚀 ,不仅影响油管质量 ,而且严重影响油管的使用性能 .本文研究一种新的涂保护剂及配方 ,介绍了油管保护新技术 ,其缓蚀率达到 96 %以上     

塔中奥陶系原油的运移方向研究

油气运移方向的确定对油气的进一步勘探具有重要意义。在分析前人资料的基础上，认为塔中隆起在加里东期至海西中期并非存在西北高、东南低的格局，而是总体上表现为东南高、西北低的特征；且塔中存在两个较高部位：一个位于塔中断垒带西段的中1井区附近；另一个为塔中的最高部位，位于塔中断垒带东段的塔中1井附近。油源对比表明，塔中奥陶系的原油大多来自中-上奥陶统的源岩。结合古构造背景的特征，对源自中-上奥陶统原油的充注方向研究表明，塔中北斜坡至少存在两个方向的油气运移：一为从塔中西北部向东南部的较高部位运移充注，二为从塔中西北部向中1井区附近的较高部位运移；塔中南斜坡塔中52井、中4井的油气来自塔中南侧的塘古巴斯凹陷，并经历了相对较短的运移距离，进一步证明了塘古巴斯凹陷中-上奥陶统的烃源岩具有较好的生油气潜力。     

低闭合油藏油水同层储层含水饱和度新模型

G地区P油层由于闭合高度低，油水分异差，存在大量的油水同层，且该区油水同层与油层的物性、电性相近，使得传统的利用电阻率和孔隙度计算含水饱和度的方法失效；加上工区开发过程中采取多层合试，单层试油且产液性质为油水同出的层位较少，可供选择进行油水同层饱和度建模的样本较少，使得该区油水同层饱和度的准确计算成为储量提交的难点。针对这一问题，提出以少量的密闭取芯井为基础样本，首先应用相渗资料建立起产水率与含水饱和度关系，然后外推到常规取芯井获得含水饱和度的补充样本，进而通过优选孔隙度、电阻率比值等建模参数，构建了适用于研究区油水同层的饱和度计算新模型，通过统计，其平均相对误差仅为3.59%，满足了储量计算的精度要求。     

FL115离心式机油滤清器的特性研究与试验分析

建立了分流离心式滤清器转速特性和液力特性的数学模型.通过试验得到FL115离心式滤清器在不同喷嘴口径以及不同温度工况下的转速特性曲线和液力特性曲线,以及滤清效率.分析了转子转速、驱动流量和进油压力三者之间的关系,推出了设计喷嘴的最佳口径范围.通过理论数据与试验数据的比较,证明了该数学模型可以作为研发离心式滤清器的设计参考.