20世纪温庭筠生年研究综述

温庭筠是晚唐著名的文学大家,进入20世纪以来,学术界在温庭筠研究上取得了很大的成就,老、中、青几代学者的不懈努力使温庭筠生平中若干重要问题得以很大程度的凸显。但在温庭筠生年的研究问题上,由于史料记载不清,相互违乖,该问题的研究始终存在很大的争议,尚无明确的结论。鉴于此,笔者将各家之说综述如下,并简要分析研究中所存在的问题,以期有利于该问题研究的进一步开拓与深化。     

网络产业主导设计与消费者预期互动机理研究

本文分析了主导设计成立的动因,讨论了网络产业特性促使主导设计成为重要竞争领域和主导设计形成过程中消费者预期扮演重要角色的机理。指出了正的消费者预期能够使企业迅速锁定用户,积累安装基础,达到临界规模,加速主导设计形成。最后,提出了加速企业主导设计确立的相关建议。     

生育文明与我国未来生育率控制

我国的生育率变化一直以来都与生育文明的发展有着密切的关系。深厚的传统生育文化支持着我国农业社会的高生育水平,这在历史上起到过一定的积极作用,但是庞大的人口数量越来越成为我国经济社会发展的包袱。我国现阶段生育率已经在计划生育政策的控制下,达到了一个较低的标准。但是,这种低生育水平还很不稳定,也不可避免的带来了一些社会问题。随着我国经济发展和社会转型,推进生育文明的发展将成为稳定低生育水平,实现适度人口规模的最好方法。     

产品瑕疵之侵权规制与合同规制的博弈与互动

产品瑕疵包括制造瑕疵、设计瑕疵与说明及警示瑕疵,而制造瑕疵应是由生产者最终负责的瑕疵类别。但传统的观念认为,产品瑕疵引发的价值量减损仅仅是一种期待利益受损,因此应由合同法进行规制,而合同责任又受限于相对性原则。因此,在特定情形下造成了受害人求偿无门的不公平现象。为实现实质正义,在产品瑕疵领域应有条件地承认侵权法与合同法规范机能划分的调整及合同相对性原则的适当突破,以实现合理范围内对受害人的救济。     

Environmental Exposures to Metals in Native Communities and Implications for Child Development: Basis for the Navajo Birth Cohort Study

Two disparate statistics often cited for the Western United States raise concern about risks for developmental disabilities in Native American children. First, 13 of the states with the highest percentage of Native American population are located in the Western United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010 (U.S. Census Briefs, January, #C2010BR-10). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf [Google Scholar]). Second, more than 161,000 abandoned hard-rock mines are located in 12 Western states (General Accounting Office, 2014 General Accounting Office. (2014, July 14). GAO-11–834T: Abandoned Mines. Information on the number of hardrock mines, cost of cleanup, and value of financial assurances. Statement of Anu K. Mittal, Director, Natural Resources and Environment Team, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-834T [Google Scholar]). Moreover, numerous studies have linked low-level metals exposure with birth defects and developmental delays. Concern has emerged among tribal populations that metals exposure from abandoned mines might threaten development of future generations.     

论政府信任的概念内涵、形成因素与政治功能

在西方学术界,目前对于政府信任的研究已经成为当前政府再造工程推动过程中的一个重要研究课题,因此,政府信任应该成为政治学重视并加以研究的主题。“政府信任”在概念内涵上指公众在期望与认知之间对政府运作的一种归属心理和评价态度。公众对于政府信任的程度高低,乃是众多影响因素如经济、社会、政治与文化等交互作用的混和结果,而深层次的原因在于公众对政府的认知与公共期望之间的相对落差。政府信任涉及民众与政府间的互动关系,它能够扩大执政者的合法性基础,实现有机的社会整合,提高公共政策制定和执行的绩效。     

Conflicting contexts: Midwives’ interpretation of childbirth through photo elicitation

IntroductionThis study seeks to explore midwives’ perceptions about childbirth and in particular their beliefs about normality and risk. In the current climate of increasing interventions during labour, it is important to understand the thought processes that impact on midwifery care in order to examine whether these beliefs influence midwifery clinical decision-making.Method12 Midwives who worked in a variety of metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia were interviewed about how they care for women during labour. The study utilised an inductive qualitative design using photo elicitation during the interview process.ResultsSix themes emerged from the data that clearly indicated midwives felt challenged by working in a system dominated by an obstetric model of care that undermined midwifery autonomy in maintaining normal birth. These themes were: desiring normal, scanning the environment, constructing the context, navigating the way, relinquishing desire and reflecting on reality. Most midwives felt they were unable to practice in the manner they were philosophically aligned to, that is, promoting normal birth, as the medical model restricted their practice.DiscussionThe polarised views of childbirth held by midwives and obstetricians do little to enhance normal birth outcomes. Midwives in this study expressed frustration that they were unable to practice midwifery in a way that reflected their belief in normal birth. This, they cite is a result of the oppressive obstetric model prevalent in maternity care facilities in Sydney and the over use of technological interventions during childbirth.     

家长期望教育价值的思考与探索

家长对子女的学习成绩、学历水平、职业选择等关系他们一生成长的重要方面均有很高的期望。要克服长期存在的家长期望过高的偏向以及由此给儿童、青少年身心发展和学校教育带来的负面影响,必须正确认识家长期望的教育意义,给家长期望适切、合理的教育定位,准确把握家长期望的水平尺度,不断提高家长期望质量。这样,才能充分发挥家长期望特有的教育功能,实现家长期望的教育价值。     

濒危人文微观法与基诺族神秘型诞礼

作者从民族学资源污染现象谈到民族人文资源危机,进而在无文字基诺族人文遗产的救护中创用了濒危人文微观法,并举例论证了异于文明时代喜庆型诞礼的神秘型诞礼的存在。基诺族原生神秘型诞礼具有鲜明的人文个性,也是对人类文明共性的一种丰富。     

论新课程改革中的教师角色期待及其实现

新课程期待教师的教学行为实现从灌输到引导、从个体劳动到团体合作、从单一评价到多元评价。伴随着教学行为的变化,教师的角色也相应地从知识的传授者到知识体系的建构者、从课程的执行者到课程的研究开发者的转变;而角色期待得以实现的基础是教材的改革与创新;调整改革的心态,加大教师培训力度;转变政府职能,积极创造相应的条件。