New 3-level response surface designs constructed from incomplete block designs

Box and Behnken [1958. Some new three level second-order designs for surface fitting. Statistical Technical Research Group Technical Report No. 26. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ; 1960. Some new three level designs for the study of quantitative variables. Technometrics 2, 455–475.] introduced a class of 3-level second-order designs for fitting the second-order response surface model. These 17 Box–Behnken designs (BB designs) are available for 3–12 and 16 factors. Although BB designs were developed nearly 50 years ago, they and the central-composite designs of Box and Wilson [1951. On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J. Royal Statist. Soc., Ser. B 13, 1–45.] are still the most often recommended response surface designs. Of the 17 aforementioned BB designs, 10 were constructed from balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) and seven were constructed from partially BIBDs (PBIBDs). In this paper we show that these seven BB designs constructed from PBIBDs can be improved in terms of rotatability as well as average prediction variance, D$D$- and G$G$-efficiency. In addition, we also report new orthogonally blocked solutions for 5, 8, 9, 11 and 13 factors. Note that an 11-factor BB design is available but cannot be orthogonally blocked. All new designs can be found at http://www.math.montana.edu/∼$\sim$jobo/bbd/.     

论语块结构的习得机制及其认知理据

以乔姆斯基为代表的转换生成语言学理论由于缺乏实证的支持,近年来受到了以经验现实主义哲学为基础的认知语言学派的强有力的质疑和挑战.语言类型学和语言发展心理学的研究和实验表明转换生成语言学关于句法的深层结构和表层结构及其转换规则理论完全可以从语言的象似性和规约性的角度重新加以定义.语言的深层结构呈现出极大的象似性,语言的表层结构体现为规约性.语块化是语言从深层到表层不断运动的必然趋势.人类语言习得的过程是一个语块能力逐步强化的过程.     

条块关系与基层形式主义演化逻辑

由项目制所维系的条块间权责利关系是影响基层政府行为的重要结构性因素。形式主义作为 基层治理中的策略性应付行为,产生根源在于条块间非均衡关系。在职能部门“条”主导的专项治理 中,条通过事权分配和过程管理将目标压力有效传导至下一级属地“块”,并通过介入式过程管理实现 压力传导的动态控制。属地政府回应行为则注重风险规避和激励获取双重逻辑,即寻求能够适当规避 风险、控制成本、获取收益的应付策略。在基层治理微观情景中,属地块在面对职能部门条时能够采取 分类回应策略,导致形式主义应付行为的产生具有普遍性。     

基于低碳模式的棋盘式城市格局之设计——中国古代都城和加拿大温哥华街区的启示

城市的布局和组织形式对于能源消耗和二氧化碳排放起着重要的作用,以现代主义功能分区为主导的枢纽辐射式城市格局却面临高消耗、低效益的危机.中国古代都城与加拿大温哥华市都为棋盘式城市格局,前者代表受交通方式局限被动形成的城市格局,后者代表现代高密度城市环境下,创造出低碳而又宜居的城市成功案例.分析两种不同时空下城市格局特征,归纳棋盘式格局设计理念,制定一整套基于建筑、街道和公共空间案例的低碳城市街区模式和实践方法论,有助于降低城市碳排放.     

Optimal two-level conjoint designs with constant attributes in the profile sets

We propose a simple strategy to construct D-, A-, G- and V-optimal two-level designs for rating-based conjoint studies with large numbers of attributes. In order to simplify the rating task, the designs hold one or more attributes at a constant level in each profile set. Our approach combines orthogonal designs and binary incomplete block designs with equal replication. The designs are variance-balanced meaning that they yield an equal amount of information on each of the part-worths.     

阿Q命名文化密码之破译

关于鲁迅的研究,一直伴随着中国追求现代化的进程,具有巨大的文化意义。阿Q的命名,是鲁迅小说文本细读研究方面的具体问题,其中含有的文化密码值得引起我们的注意。其文化密码的含义大体已经形成了象形说、情节说、意义说、拼音说等四种说法,包含了几十种不同内容的理解,这些阿Q命名的含义理解其实与阿Q形象的理解有很大关系。     

历史文化街区旅游产品深度开发研究——以湘潭市城正街为例

在历史文化街区开发旅游产品,不仅找到了历史文化街区开发与保护的最佳契合点,而且能综合实现历史文化街区的文化价值、经济价值、社会价值。湘潭城正街历史悠久、文化深厚、保存完整,对其旅游产品的开发要以体现“文脉”、原真性及体验性为原则,实施景观整治、进行功能分区、突出商业文化气息、构建解说系统和社区居民参与的体验型历史文化旅游产品的开发策略。     

Zero-Lifting for Integer Block Structured Problems

This paper deals with the relations between the polyhedron described by the inequalities of a block structured problem and the polyhedra described by the inequalities of the single blocks. In particular, classes of block structured problems are described for which zero-lifting of facet inducing inequalities of a single block yields facet inducing inequalities for the whole problem. Some applications are discussed.     

A Heuristic Algorithm for Multiple Sequence Alignment Based on Blocks

Blocked multiple sequence alignment refers to the construction of multiple alignment by first aligning conserved regions into what we call blocks and then aligning the regions between successive blocks to form a final alignment. Instead of starting from low order pairwise alignments we propose a new way to form blocks by searching for closely related regions in all input sequences, allowing internal spaces in blocks as well as some degree of mismatch. We address the problem of semi-conserved patterns (patterns that do not appear in all input sequences) by introducing into the process two similarity thresholds that are adjusted dynamically according to the input. A method to control the number of blocks is also presented to deal with the situation when input sequences have so many similar regions that it becomes impractical to form blocks by trying every combination. BMA is an implementation of this approach, and our experimental results indicatethat this approach is efficient, particularly on large numbers of long sequences with well-conserved regions.     

Symmetric designs of types V and VI

In Butler (1984a) a semi-translation block was defined and a classification given of all symmetric 2-(υ,k,λ) designs with λ>1, which contain more than one such block. In this paper we consider symmetric designs of type V and VI. We show that symmetric designs of type V are also of type VI, and in addition we show that all such designs can be obtained from a P_n,q by a construction which we give. Finally examples of proper symmetric designs of type V which are not of type VI are given.