城市残疾人社会救助问题研究——以贵阳市为个案

残疾人社会救助是目前解决我国城市残疾人问题的最直接的办法.但在实施城市残疾人社会救助过程中存在着救助水平低、标准不统一、救助政策和执行机构以及残疾人自身素质局限性等问题,由此引发了一些新矛盾和负面影响.因此,建立社区残疾人自治组织和经常性社会捐助渠道、健全社会救助实施情况的监督检查机制,有利于完善我国城市残疾人社会救助体系并使之发挥"社会稳定器"和"社会安全网"的作用.     

伦理学视域下高校官方微博的功能定位分析

随着高校官方微博的渐渐兴起,如何善管、善用高校官方微博成为教育管理领域研讨的话题之一。作为一种文化形态,高校官方微博具有鲜明的伦理学特性。基于伦理主体之权威性、确定性,对伦理关系之互动性、立体化以及伦理群体之社会角色定位进行分析,有利于于探讨高校官方微博在发展、建设过程中的功能定位。     

北京市政府救助困难职工问题探析(1959-1963)

1959-1963年是中国经济、社会处于极端困难的时期,困难职工也大量增加。在这种形势下,党和政府投入巨额资金和大量精力对困难职工实施了积极、及时的救助。救助工作不仅帮助困难职工度过了暂时的生活困难,而且密切了党同群众的关系,鼓舞了职工战胜困难的信心和勇气,促进了生产的恢复和发展,保证了社会秩序的稳定。     

山水浮雕的视觉空间表现——宝鸡凤县景观墙的创作感想

为了将自然景观与人文景观在空间与时间上进行结合,通过宝鸡凤县山水浮雕景观的创作实践,推进了视觉空间的现实转换,论证了视觉空间是客观性与主观性的统一、视觉空间是空间性与时间性的相互转换。视觉空间是一个全新的概念,有待于美术创作者、设计者、理论家和批评家进一步关注,不断丰富其内涵。     

沈阳市铁西区低收入家庭生活状况分析及改善对策

为了解低收入家庭的生活状况,沈阳市铁西区民政局于2006年3—6月间开展了一次规模较大的、以"低收入家庭"为对象的社会调查。根据调查的数据,从低收入家庭的收入结构、户别结构、住房结构、主要收入来源、年支出构成等十个方面研究了低收入家庭的基本生活状况,分析了他们致贫的原因,如无稳定收入、子女就学压力大、医疗性支出较大等。为改善低收入家庭的生活状况,应采用"全方位、专项梯度救助和救助主体多元化"的社会救助政策,具体包括开展全方位培训、创造创业机会、实施专项梯度救助、扩大保险的覆盖面、动员社会力量参与社会救助等。     

1920年烟潍路工赈述论

我国北方五省1920年发生特大旱灾。灾情发生后,国内外救济机构和团体对救灾表现出了极大的热情,投入了大量的财力和物力实施救济。在有关方面的建议下,北京政府交通部利用所辖的路、电、邮、航四政附收赈款筹集资金,采用以工代赈方式修筑烟台至潍县公路。可工程开工后不久,由于交通部把持赈款,引发社会不满,遭到舆论抨击,不得不将所收的一半赈款用来办理急赈,这对工赈产生了直接的影响。烟潍路工赈在取得成绩时,也存在工程离灾区过远、赈济人数太少、拖欠工资和地价、管理不够完善等诸多问题。     

Societal Response to Hurricane Mitch and Intra‐ versus Intergenerational Equity Issues: Whose Norms Should Apply?

Late in the 1998 hurricane season, Central America was slammed by a devastating hurricane. Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize were greatly impacted by Hurricane Mitch, one of the deadliest storms to affect the region in the past 200 years. The economies of each of these countries were badly affected. In the case of Honduras — at the time the fourth‐poorest country in Latin America — its president suggested that 50 years of progress had been wiped out by the floods and mudslides associated with this relatively short‐lived storm system. Humanitarian assistance poured into the region in the first months following the disaster. As of mid‐2000, various national, bilateral, international, and nongovernmental programs were in progress or on the drawing board for recovery, reconstruction, and renewed development of the worst affected countries. Using Honduras as a case study, some of the ethical issues that abound in the decisions of whom to help, when, and how to help them in the wake of such an extreme climate‐related human tragedy are examined. Should development assistance be focused on those who have been directly and adversely affected by this storm, or should the emphasis be on reducing the risk of exposure by future generations to such disasters? Is there yet another approach that seeks to protect future generations from similar harm while at the same time assisting present‐day victims to get through their hardships?     

The Prospects for Foreign Debt Sustainability in Post‐Completion‐Point Countries: Implications of the HIPC‐MDRI Framework

The Enhanced HIPC Initiative was launched in 1999 to reduce the Net Present Value (NPV) of foreign debt of the world's poorest countries to a sustainable threshold of 150% of their exports. This article applies a simple growth‐with‐debt model to 16 post‐completion‐point HIPCs to assess whether this goal will be met by 2015. Its somewhat optimistic base‐case projections suggest that participation in the current Enhanced HIPC‐MDRI initiative will only reduce the NPV of their total external debt to 176% of exports by this date. Sensitivity tests which expose these countries to adverse exogenous shocks help draw attention to policies that could ensure that they do not again accumulate unsustainable debt levels.     

防范与失范：清末民初女性犯罪防治问题研究

清末民初国家和社会针对日益增多的女性犯罪，先后采取了一定的防治措施，这对控制女性犯罪起到了一定的作用。但从实际效果看，由于防范方法的失当，救济机构的不完善及救济措施的不健全等原因，当时各种防治措施并未能有效地减少女性犯罪。     

海外中国国民权益保护的国际法思考

全球化导致海外国民保护的客观需求迅增,国际法的人本化趋势促进了国际层面个人权益保护的发展,中国政府的职能调整在外交领域促生"外交为民"理念,需要有效承担海外国民权益保护的重任。外国人待遇是确定海外国民权益的国际法基础,属人管辖是国籍国保护在外国民的国际法依据。海外中国国民权益保护的途径首先是受害人用尽当地救济,其次是起到预防与协助作用的领事保护,而外交保护、国际人权保护只是补充救济途径。