英语写作策略分类探讨

英语写作策略分类研究是一个基础研究课题,对英语写作研究及写作教学实践具有实际价值和现实意义。本文分析了目前研究中的英语写作策略分类存在的问题,并回顾了英语写作及策略的相关理论,提出了英语写作及写作策略的学习和产出性质,最后文章提出了一个便于取舍同时也便于实证研究展开与操作的英语写作策略分类框架。     

Classification with minimum ambiguity under distribution heterogeneity

The traditional classification is based on the assumption that distribution of indicator variable X in one class is homogeneous. However, when data in one class comes from heterogeneous distribution, the likelihood ratio of two classes is not unique. In this paper, we construct the classification via an ambiguity criterion for the case of distribution heterogeneity of X in a single class. The separated historical data in each situation are used to estimate the thresholds respectively. The final boundary is chosen as the maximum and minimum thresholds from all situations. Our approach obtains the minimum ambiguity with a high classification accuracy allowing for a precise decision. In addition, nonparametric estimation of the classification region and theoretical properties are derived. Simulation study and real data analysis are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.     

A reflected feature space for CART

We present an algorithm for learning oblique decision trees, called HHCART(G). Our decision tree combines learning concepts from two classification trees, HHCART and Geometric Decision Tree (GDT). HHCART(G) is a simplified HHCART algorithm that uses linear structure in the training examples, captured by a modified GDT angle bisector, to define splitting directions. At each node, we reflect the training examples with respect to the modified angle bisector to align this linear structure with the coordinate axes. Searching axis parallel splits in this reflected feature space provides an efficient and effective way of finding oblique splits in the original feature space. Our method is much simpler than HHCART because it only considers one reflected feature space for node splitting. HHCART considers multiple reflected feature spaces for node splitting making it more computationally intensive to build. Experimental results show that HHCART(G) is an effective classifier, producing compact trees with similar or better results than several other decision trees, including GDT and HHCART trees.     

Getting low educated and older people into work: The role of fiscal policy

Raising employment, in particular employment among older individuals and low educated individuals, stands high on the agenda of policy makers in many OECD countries. Increased sensitivity in recent years to rising inequality has made the challenge only larger. In this paper we evaluate alternative fiscal policy scenarios to face this challenge. We construct and use an overlapping generations model for an open economy where individuals differ not only by age, but also by innate ability and human capital. The model allows us to study effects on aggregate employment, per capita income and welfare, as well as effects for specific age and ability groups. We show that well-considered fiscal policy changes can significantly improve macroeconomic productive efficiency, without increasing intergenerational or intragenerational welfare inequality. Our results strongly prefer a reduction in the labor tax rate on older workers and on all low-wage earners, financed by an overall reduction in non-employment benefits. An alternative financing option is to raise the consumption tax rate. These results are to be seen as long-run effects for economies at potential output.     

地方工科院校师资队伍建设中的问题追因及其分类建设探讨

随着大众化高等教育不断深入,地方高校人才培养质量不断受到社会各界高度关注。师资队伍无疑是影响地方高校人才培养质量的关键因素之一,针对当前地方工科院校发展定位特点与师资队伍建设中的实际问题,提出在现有地方高校师资队伍建设与管理体制下,构建教育教学研究型、工程实践指导型、科学研究型、技术研发与转化型四种师资类型,通过评职、考核标准等引导政策制度设计,可为地方工科院校尽早建成一支适应转型发展需要的新型师资队伍提供新思路。     

信息时代的翻译工具

我们正处于一个多语言网络的信息时代,如何有效地使用现代化手段来突破人们之间的语言障碍,成为了全人类面临的共同问题.翻译是克服语言障碍的有利手段.信息时代的翻译工具有:机器翻译系统、因特网上的语言翻译资源、CD-ROM上的语言翻译资源、计算机辅助术语管理系统、双语对应语料库、翻译记忆软件和本土化软件工具、机助翻译系统.掌握了信息时代的这些翻译工具,就可以大大地提高翻译的效率,满足信息时代对翻译的迫切需要.     

中国社会养老的文化分析

本文关注福利文化对社会养老制度和实践的影响,从文化视角审视中国现代社会养老项目的发展,揭示了老年社会福利模式与特定社会政策制定者对社会福利概念的理解和传统福利文化之间的关系。限定主义的价值观和公民权利意识的缺失阻碍着中国老年社会福利模式从剩余性到制度性的转变,抑制了社会福利在缩小老年群体内阶层差异方面的作用,促使了福利资源分配的不公。尽管人口老龄化和福利国家的文化扩散正在促使中国老年社会福利呈多元化发展趋势,多元福利体系的最终建立还有赖于社会公众和政策制定者对个人和国家关系的重新解读。     

知识经济时代的新产业革命

在概括知识经济时代特征的基础上 ,重点分析了由知识经济引发的产业结构演变和发展的新趋向 ,指出知识的产业化和产业的知识化将是知识经济时代产业结构演变的主要特征。认为今后经济增长的主要推动力将来源于知识产业这一“主发动机” ,而经知识化改造的第一、二产业则将作为承重的“底盘”     

中国当代都市女性写作的性别视野

中国当代都市女性写作强调女性立场,突出性别视角,特别关注当代都市社会中的各种性别问题和性别现象,这使她们的创作必然具有浓厚的性别意识和开阔的性别视野;也由此,都市女性写作实际上主要表现为一种与传统写作截然不同的性别写作,呈现出与主流文学和传统文化判然有别的、颇具反叛色彩的文学主题、美学特点和文化意义。     

行政诉讼类型界说

行政诉讼类型是依照一定标准对人民法院审理具体行政行为的活动进行归类而形成的诉讼形态。它具有内容的概括性、划分标准的多样性及与诉讼活动联系的密切性三个特征。它与刑事诉讼类型、民事诉讼类型、行政诉讼模式、行政诉讼请求、行政判决有一定的联系与区别，在本质上体现了对行政相对人的权利救济。